CHAPTER Conditionals |
১. Conditional কী এবং কীভাবে চিনবেন?
Conditional Sentence এমন একটি বাক্য যেখানে দুটি অংশ থাকে: একটি শর্ত (condition) এবং একটি ফলাফল (result)। শর্তটি সাধারণত 'if' দিয়ে শুরু হয়।
💡 সহজে মনে রাখার উপায়: যে clause-এ 'if' আছে সেটি IF-Clause (শর্ত), অন্যটি Main Clause (ফলাফল)। IF-Clause-এ কখনো Future Tense বসে না — এটি Conditionals-এর সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম। |
Type | IF-Clause | Main Clause | বাস্তবতা | উদাহরণ |
Zero | Present Simple | Present Simple | ১০০% সত্য | If you heat ice, it melts. |
First | Present Simple | will + V1 | সম্ভব | If it rains, I will stay. |
Second | Past Simple (were) | would + V1 | অবাস্তব / অসম্ভাব্য | If I were rich, I would travel. |
Third | Past Perfect (had+V3) | would have + V3 | ঘটেনি — অনুশোচনা | If she had studied, she would have passed. |
Mixed A | Past Perfect | would + V1 | অতীত শর্ত → বর্তমান ফল | If I had studied, I would be a doctor now. |
Mixed B | Past Simple (were) | would have + V3 | বর্তমান শর্ত → অতীত ফল | If he were careful, he wouldn't have failed. |
২. Zero Conditional — সর্বদা সত্য
যে শর্ত পূরণ হলে ফলাফল সবসময় একই হয় — বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, প্রকৃতির নিয়ম বা অভ্যাসগত সত্য — তখন Zero Conditional ব্যবহার হয়।
IF-Clause / Condition | Main Clause / Result |
If + Present Simple | Present Simple |
💡 'if'-এর পরিবর্তে 'when' ব্যবহার করা যায় Zero Conditional-এ, কারণ এটি সর্বদা সত্য। |
1. If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. — পানি ১০০°C তাপমাত্রায় গরম করলে ফোটে।
2. If you touch fire, it burns. — আগুনে হাত দিলে পোড়ে।
3. If it rains, the ground gets wet. — বৃষ্টি হলে মাটি ভেজে।
4. When the sun sets, it gets dark. — সূর্য অস্ত গেলে অন্ধকার হয়।
5. If you divide any number by itself, you get one. — যেকোনো সংখ্যাকে নিজে দিয়ে ভাগ করলে ১ পাওয়া যায়।
6. Plants die if they do not get water. — পানি না পেলে গাছ মরে।
7. If you mix blue and yellow, you get green. — নীল ও হলুদ মেশালে সবুজ হয়।
8. If people eat too much, they become obese. — বেশি খেলে মানুষ মোটা হয়।
৩. First Conditional (Type 1) — সম্ভব ভবিষ্যৎ
শর্তটি ভবিষ্যতে ঘটার বাস্তব সম্ভাবনা আছে। যেমন আকাশে মেঘ দেখে বলছি: 'বৃষ্টি হলে পিকনিক বাতিল করব।' — এটা সম্ভব।
IF-Clause / Condition | Main Clause / Result |
If + Present Simple | will / can / may / might / must / should + V1 ← Modal বদলালে অর্থ বদলায় |
💡 If-Clause-এ কখনো 'will' বসে না। 'If it will rain' ভুল। সঠিক: 'If it rains'। |
9. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic. — আগামীকাল বৃষ্টি হলে পিকনিক বাতিল করব।
10. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. — কঠোর পড়াশোনা করলে পরীক্ষায় পাস করবে।
11. If she calls, I can tell her the news. — সে ফোন করলে খবরটা বলতে পারব।
12. If you feel unwell, you should see a doctor. — অসুস্থ বোধ করলে ডাক্তার দেখানো উচিত।
13. If he is sleeping, don't disturb him. — সে ঘুমাচ্ছে থাকলে বিরক্ত করো না। (Imperative result)
14. If you have finished, you may leave. — শেষ করলে যেতে পারো। (Present Perfect in if-clause)
15. Unless you apologize, I will not forgive you. — ক্ষমা না চাইলে আমি ক্ষমা করব না।
৩.১ Main Clause-এ Modal-এর অর্থের পার্থক্য
Modal | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
will | নিশ্চিত ফলাফল | If you study, you will pass. |
can | সক্ষমতা / অনুমতি | If you finish, you can go. |
may | সম্ভাবনা (কম নিশ্চিত) | If it rains, we may cancel. |
might | আরো কম নিশ্চিত | If he calls, I might help. |
must | বাধ্যবাধকতা | If you are late, you must apologize. |
should | পরামর্শ | If you feel ill, you should rest. |
Imperative | নির্দেশ | If you see him, tell him the truth. |
৪. Second Conditional (Type 2) — অবাস্তব বর্তমান / অসম্ভাব্য ভবিষ্যৎ
শর্তটি বর্তমানে সত্য নয় বা ভবিষ্যতে হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা খুবই কম। আমি আসলে ধনী নই, কিন্তু যদি হতাম — এই কাল্পনিক ভাবনাই Second Conditional।
IF-Clause / Condition | Main Clause / Result |
If + Past Simple (সব person-এ 'were' — Formal) | would / could / might + V1 |
💡 Second Conditional-এ If-Clause-এ 'was' নয়, 'were' বসে — সব person-এর জন্য। এটি Subjunctive Mood। 'was' কথ্য ইংরেজিতে চলে কিন্তু BCS/IELTS-এ 'were' সঠিক। |
16. If I were rich, I would travel the world. — আমি ধনী হলে সারা বিশ্ব ভ্রমণ করতাম। (আমি আসলে ধনী নই)
17. If he studied harder, he would pass. — সে আরো কঠোর পড়লে পাস করত। (সে কঠোর পড়ছে না)
18. If I lived near the office, I could walk to work. — অফিসের কাছে থাকলে হেঁটে যেতে পারতাম।
19. What would you do if you lost your job? — চাকরি হারালে তুমি কী করতে?
20. If she were here, she could help us. — সে এখানে থাকলে আমাদের সাহায্য করতে পারত।
21. If I were you, I would accept the offer. — আমি তোমার জায়গায় হলে অফারটি নিতাম। (If I were you — বিখ্যাত structure)
22. If the earth stopped spinning, we would all die. — পৃথিবী ঘোরা বন্ধ হলে আমরা সবাই মারা যেতাম। (অসম্ভব ভবিষ্যৎ)
Person | Formal (Exam-preferred) | Informal (Spoken) | Exam-এ কোনটি? |
I | If I were rich… | If I was rich… | were ✓ |
He / She / It | If he were here… | If he was here… | were ✓ |
You / We / They | If they were honest… | If they were honest… | উভয় সঠিক |
Rule S2: If-Clause-এ 'would' বসে না
✗ If he would study, he would pass. → ✓ If he studied, he would pass. (if-clause-এ would নিষিদ্ধ)
✗ If it would stop raining, we could go. → ✓ If it stopped raining, we could go. (if-clause-এ would নিষিদ্ধ)
৫. Third Conditional (Type 3) — অতীতের অবাস্তব শর্ত
অতীতে কিছু একটা ঘটেনি, কিন্তু সেটা ঘটলে কী হতো — এই কল্পনাই Third Conditional। অনুশোচনা বা সমালোচনা প্রকাশে বহুলভাবে ব্যবহৃত।
IF-Clause / Condition | Main Clause / Result |
If + Past Perfect (had + V3) | would have / could have / might have + V3 |
💡 সহজ test: বাক্যে কি বলা হচ্ছে যে অতীতে কিছু হয়নি কিন্তু হলে কী হতো? তাহলে Third Conditional। 'If I had studied' = আমি পড়িনি। |
23. If I had studied harder, I would have passed. — আরো কঠোর পড়লে পাস করতাম। (পড়িনি, পাস করিনি)
24. If she had come earlier, she would have met him. — আগে আসলে তার সাথে দেখা হতো। (আসেনি)
25. If he had taken the medicine, he could have recovered. — ওষুধ খেলে সুস্থ হতে পারত।
26. If they had listened to me, they wouldn't have failed. — আমার কথা শুনলে ব্যর্থ হতো না।
27. If it hadn't rained, we would have had a picnic. — বৃষ্টি না হলে পিকনিক হতো।
28. If you had told me, I might have helped. — বললে হয়তো সাহায্য করতাম।
Modal | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
would have + V3 | নিশ্চিত কল্পিত ফলাফল | If he had tried, he would have succeeded. |
could have + V3 | সক্ষমতা ছিল কিন্তু ব্যবহার হয়নি | If she had tried, she could have won. |
might have + V3 | অনিশ্চিত সম্ভাবনা | If you had called, I might have answered. |
should have + V3 | করা উচিত ছিল কিন্তু হয়নি | If he had known, he should have warned. |
Rule T3: If-Clause-এ 'would have' বসে না
✗ If I would have known, I would have helped. → ✓ If I had known, I would have helped. (if-clause → had + V3)
✗ If she would have studied, she would have passed. → ✓ If she had studied, she would have passed. (if-clause → Past Perfect)
৬. Mixed Conditional — মিশ্র শর্তবাচক বাক্য
যখন শর্ত ও ফলাফল দুটি আলাদা সময়কালের (different time frames) হয়, তখন Mixed Conditional। দুটি মূল ধরন:
৬.১ Mixed Type A — অতীতের শর্ত, বর্তমানের ফলাফল
💡 অতীতে কিছু হলে এখন কী অবস্থা হতো? If + Past Perfect → would + V1 |
IF-Clause / Condition | Main Clause / Result |
If + Past Perfect (অতীত শর্ত) | would + V1 (বর্তমান ফলাফল) |
29. If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. — চিকিৎসা পড়লে এখন ডাক্তার হতাম। (পড়িনি → এখন ডাক্তার নই)
30. If she had taken the job, she would be rich today. — চাকরি নিলে আজ ধনী হতো।
31. If I had not wasted my youth, I would be successful now. — তারুণ্য নষ্ট না করলে এখন সফল হতাম।
৬.২ Mixed Type B — বর্তমানের শর্ত, অতীতের ফলাফল
💡 এখন যদি আলাদা অবস্থায় থাকতাম, তাহলে অতীতে কী হতো? If + Past Simple → would have + V3 |
IF-Clause / Condition | Main Clause / Result |
If + Past Simple / were (বর্তমান শর্ত) | would have + V3 (অতীত ফলাফল) |
32. If I were braver, I would have spoken up at the meeting. — সাহসী হলে সভায় কথা বলতাম।
33. If he were more careful, he wouldn't have made that mistake. — সতর্ক হলে সেই ভুলটি করত না।
৬.৩ Mixed vs Pure Conditional — পার্থক্য স্পষ্টভাবে বোঝা
বাক্য | Type | IF-Clause কাল | Main Clause কাল |
If I had studied, I would have passed. | Third (Pure) | Past (অতীত) | Past (অতীত) |
If I had studied, I would be a doctor now. | Mixed A | Past (অতীত) | Present (বর্তমান) |
If I were smarter, I would have solved it. | Mixed B | Present (বর্তমান) | Past (অতীত) |
৭. সকল Conditional-এর একনজরে তুলনামূলক সারণী
Type | IF-Clause | Main Clause | অর্থ / বাস্তবতা | উদাহরণ |
Zero | Present Simple | Present Simple | সর্বদা সত্য (১০০%) | If you heat ice, it melts. |
First | Present Simple | will + V1 | সম্ভব ভবিষ্যৎ | If it rains, I will stay. |
Second | Past Simple (were) | would + V1 | অবাস্তব বর্তমান | If I were rich, I would travel. |
Third | Past Perfect (had+V3) | would have + V3 | অবাস্তব অতীত / অনুশোচনা | If she had tried, she would have won. |
Mixed A | Past Perfect | would + V1 | অতীত শর্ত → বর্তমান ফল | If I had studied, I would be a doctor now. |
Mixed B | Past Simple / were | would have + V3 | বর্তমান শর্ত → অতীত ফল | If he were careful, he wouldn't have failed. |
৮. Conditional Inversion — 'If' ছাড়া Conditional
Formal English-এ 'if' বাদ দিয়ে Subject ও Auxiliary Verb উল্টে দিয়ে (Inversion) Conditional বোঝানো যায়। IELTS Writing ও BCS-এ এটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
৮.১ Should Inversion — First Conditional
💡 'Should' Inversion ব্যবহার হয় যখন শর্তটি কম নিশ্চিত বা আনুষ্ঠানিক প্রেক্ষাপটে। |
Normal (if + sentence) | Inverted (formal — no if) |
If you should need help, call me. | Should you need help, call me. |
If there should be any problem, let us know. | Should there be any problem, let us know. |
If he should arrive early, ask him to wait. | Should he arrive early, ask him to wait. |
If you should change your mind, tell me. | Should you change your mind, tell me. |
৮.২ Were Inversion — Second Conditional
💡 'Were' Inversion ব্যবহার হয় Second Conditional-এ। মনে রাখুন: Were I / Were she / Were it। |
Normal (if + sentence) | Inverted (formal — no if) |
If I were the president, I would reform education. | Were I the president, I would reform education. |
If she were here, she would help us. | Were she here, she would help us. |
If it were possible, I would do it. | Were it possible, I would do it. |
If I were in your position, I would refuse. | Were I in your position, I would refuse. |
৮.৩ Had Inversion — Third Conditional ← BCS-এ সবচেয়ে বেশি আসে
💡 'Had' Inversion সবচেয়ে common। 'If she had tried' → 'Had she tried'। এটি BCS, Bank ও IELTS-এ প্রায়ই পরীক্ষা হয়। |
Normal (if + sentence) | Inverted (formal — no if) |
If she had tried harder, she would have won. | Had she tried harder, she would have won. |
If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently. | Had I known the truth, I would have acted differently. |
If he had not been there, it would have been worse. | Had he not been there, it would have been worse. |
If they had taken precautions, lives would have been saved. | Had they taken precautions, lives would have been saved. |
34. Had I known about the meeting, I would have attended. — সভার কথা জানলে উপস্থিত থাকতাম।
35. Were it not for your help, we would have failed. — তোমার সাহায্য না থাকলে আমরা ব্যর্থ হতাম।
36. Should you require any assistance, please contact us. — সাহায্যের প্রয়োজন হলে যোগাযোগ করুন।
৯. WISH, IF ONLY, WOULD RATHER
এগুলো দিয়ে অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা বা অনুশোচনা প্রকাশ পায়। এদের Tense structure Conditional-এর মতো।
৯.১ WISH — তিনটি Pattern
Pattern | Tense | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
wish + Past Simple | Past Simple (were — formal) | বর্তমান অবাস্তব ইচ্ছা | I wish I were taller. (আমি আসলে লম্বা নই) |
wish + Past Perfect | Past Perfect (had + V3) | অতীত অনুশোচনা | I wish I had studied harder. (পড়িনি — আফসোস) |
wish + would + V1 | would + V1 | ভবিষ্যৎ পরিবর্তনের ইচ্ছা | I wish he would stop smoking. (সে থামছে না — বিরক্তি) |
💡 মনে রাখার সূত্র: বর্তমান ইচ্ছা → Past Simple | অতীত আফসোস → Past Perfect | ভবিষ্যৎ ইচ্ছা → would |
37. I wish I were a bird. — আমি যদি পাখি হতাম! (বর্তমান অবাস্তব)
38. I wish I had taken that job. — আহ, সেই চাকরিটা নিলে হতো! (অতীত অনুশোচনা)
39. I wish you would stop making that noise. — আশা করি এই শব্দ বন্ধ করবে। (ভবিষ্যৎ ইচ্ছা)
Rule W-1: WISH + would — Subject একই হলে ভুল
💡 নিজের অবস্থা পরিবর্তনের ইচ্ছা → Past Simple। অন্যের আচরণ পরিবর্তনের ইচ্ছা → would। |
✗ I wish I would be richer. → ✓ I wish I were richer. (নিজের অবস্থা → Past Simple)
✓ I wish he would be more careful. — অন্যের পরিবর্তন চাওয়া → would সঠিক ✓
৯.২ IF ONLY — আরো জোরালো WISH
40. If only I had more money! — যদি আরো টাকা থাকত!
41. If only she had listened to my advice! — যদি সে আমার পরামর্শ শুনত!
42. If only it would stop raining! — যদি বৃষ্টি থামত!
৯.৩ WOULD RATHER — পছন্দ প্রকাশ
নিজের পছন্দ: would rather + V1 (bare infinitive) অন্যের কাজের পছন্দ: would rather + Subject + Past Simple |
43. I would rather stay home than go out. — বাইরে যাওয়ার চেয়ে ঘরে থাকাই পছন্দ।
44. I would rather you came tomorrow. — তুমি আগামীকাল আসলেই ভালো হতো।
✗ I would rather to stay home. → ✓ I would rather stay home. (would rather + bare infinitive)
✗ I would rather you come tomorrow. → ✓ I would rather you came tomorrow. (অন্যের জন্য → Past Simple)
১০. অন্যান্য Conditional Conjunctions
Conjunction | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
unless | if … not (শর্তেই negative) | Unless you hurry, you will be late. |
provided / providing | যদি এবং কেবল যদি | You can go provided you finish your work. |
as long as / so long as | যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত | You can stay as long as you behave. |
in case | ভবিষ্যৎ সতর্কতার জন্য | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
supposing / suppose | ধরা যাক যদি | Supposing it rains, what will we do? |
even if | যদি … তবুও | Even if you apologize, I won't forgive. |
only if | কেবল যদি | I will come only if you invite me. |
but for | না থাকলে / না হলে (formal) | But for your help, I would have failed. |
were it not for | না থাকলে (Inversion, 2nd Cond.) | Were it not for you, we would fail. |
had it not been for | না থাকলে (Inversion, 3rd Cond.) | Had it not been for your help, I would have failed. |
💡 'unless' = 'if … not' → তাই 'unless … not' মানে double negative = ভুল। 'Unless you don't come' ভুল → 'Unless you come' সঠিক। |
✗ Unless you don't hurry, you'll be late. → ✓ Unless you hurry, you'll be late. (unless নিজেই negative)
১১. বিশেষ ও Tricky নিয়মাবলী
Rule TR-1: 'As if / As though' + Subjunctive
💡 'as if / as though' দিয়ে অবাস্তব তুলনা করলে Second/Third Conditional-এর tense বসে। |
বাস্তবতা | Tense | উদাহরণ |
বর্তমান অবাস্তব | Past Simple (were) | He talks as if he were the president. |
অতীত অবাস্তব | Past Perfect | She cried as though she had lost everything. |
✗ He acts as if he is the boss. → ✓ He acts as if he were the boss. (বর্তমান অবাস্তব → were)
Rule TR-2: 'But for' structure — Conditional without 'if'
Structure | Conditional Type | উদাহরণ |
But for + noun/pronoun, would + V1 | Second Conditional | But for your advice, I would make a mistake. |
But for + noun/pronoun, would have + V3 | Third Conditional | But for your help, I would have drowned. |
Were it not for + noun, would + V1 | Second (Inversion) | Were it not for your support, we would fail. |
Had it not been for + noun, would have + V3 | Third (Inversion) | Had it not been for the rain, we would have gone. |
Rule TR-3: Conditional Passive
Type | Active | Passive |
First | If you break the law, police will arrest you. | If the law is broken, you will be arrested. |
Second | If they invited me, I would attend. | If I were invited, I would attend. |
Third | If she had written it, he would have received it. | If it had been written, he would have received it. |
Rule TR-4: Comma নিয়ম — অনেকে ভুল করেন
IF-Clause-এর অবস্থান | Comma | উদাহরণ |
প্রথমে (If-clause first) | Comma আবশ্যক | If it rains, we will stay home. |
শেষে (If-clause last) | Comma নেই | We will stay home if it rains. |
Rule TR-5: Implied/Disguised Conditional — 'if' ছাড়াই Conditional অর্থ
বাক্য | Hidden Conditional Meaning |
A true friend would not do that. | If he were a true friend, he would not do that. |
I could have helped you. | If you had asked me, I could have helped you. |
A wiser man would have refused. | If he were a wiser man, he would have refused. |
In your position, I would resign. | If I were in your position, I would resign. |
With more practice, you would succeed. | If you had more practice, you would succeed. |
Rule TR-6: Double Conditional (Mixed)
45. If you had saved money when you were young, you would be able to retire now. — তরুণ বয়সে টাকা সঞ্চয় করলে এখন অবসর নিতে পারতে। (Past Perf. → would + V1)
Rule TR-7: 'Only if' vs 'If only' — সম্পূর্ণ আলাদা
Structure | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
only if | কেবলমাত্র এই শর্তে (Conditional Conjunction) | I will help only if you ask me politely. |
if only | আফসোস / আকাঙ্ক্ষা (= intense wish) | If only I had more time! (যদি আরো সময় থাকত!) |
Rule TR-8: 'In case' vs 'If' — গুরুত্বপূর্ণ পার্থক্য
Structure | অর্থ | উদাহরণ |
if | শর্ত পূরণ হলে ফলাফল হবে | If it rains, I will take an umbrella. (বৃষ্টি হলে তখন নেব) |
in case | আগাম সতর্কতা — হোক বা না হোক | I will take an umbrella in case it rains. (আগেই নিচ্ছি, হয়তো বৃষ্টি হবে) |
১২. Tricky MCQ: ৫০টি প্রশ্ন
নিচের MCQ-গুলো BCS, Bank Job, NTRCA ও IELTS-এর প্রকৃত প্রশ্নের ধরন অনুসরণ করে তৈরি। প্রতিটি প্রশ্ন মনোযোগ দিয়ে পড়ুন।
► Group A: Zero ও First Conditional
Q1. If you ___ water to 100°C, it boils.
(a) heat (b) heated (c) will heat (d) would heat
✔ Ans: (a) heat | Zero Conditional: If + Present Simple।
Q2. If it ___ tomorrow, the match will be cancelled.
(a) rains (b) will rain (c) rained (d) raining
✔ Ans: (a) rains | First Conditional: if-clause → Present Simple, never Future।
Q3. If she ___ harder, she can get promoted.
(a) works (b) will work (c) worked (d) had worked
✔ Ans: (a) works | First Conditional: if-clause → Present Simple।
Q4. Unless you ___, you will miss the deadline.
(a) hurry (b) don't hurry (c) hurried (d) will hurry
✔ Ans: (a) hurry | unless = if … not → 'don't hurry' ব্যবহার করলে double negative।
Q5. If you have finished the task, you ___ leave now.
(a) will (b) can (c) could (d) would
✔ Ans: (b) can | Present Perfect in if-clause → present result; 'can' = permission।
Q6. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we ___ for a picnic.
(a) go (b) went (c) will go (d) would go
✔ Ans: (c) will go | First Conditional result: will + V1।
Q7. ___ you see Rahim, please give him this letter.
(a) If (b) Should (c) Were (d) Had
✔ Ans: (b) Should | Should Inversion of First Conditional (formal)।
► Group B: Second Conditional
Q8. If I ___ the prime minister, I would reform the tax system.
(a) am (b) were (c) was (d) would be
✔ Ans: (b) were | Second Conditional: formal English-এ all persons-এর জন্য 'were'।
Q9. If he ___ harder, he would get better results.
(a) works (b) worked (c) had worked (d) will work
✔ Ans: (b) worked | Second Conditional: if-clause → Past Simple।
Q10. What would you do if you ___ a million dollars?
(a) win (b) won (c) had won (d) will win
✔ Ans: (b) won | Second Conditional: hypothetical present → Past Simple।
Q11. If I ___ you, I would not say that.
(a) am (b) were (c) was (d) had been
✔ Ans: (b) were | 'If I were you' — classic Second Conditional structure।
Q12. She would travel more if she ___ more free time.
(a) has (b) had (c) had had (d) would have
✔ Ans: (b) had | Second Conditional: if-clause → Past Simple।
Q13. If he ___ the truth, he would be in serious trouble.
(a) tells (b) told (c) had told (d) would tell
✔ Ans: (b) told | Second Conditional: অবাস্তব বর্তমান।
Q14. ___ I in your position, I would resign immediately.
(a) Should (b) Had (c) Were (d) Would
✔ Ans: (c) Were | Were Inversion of Second Conditional।
► Group C: Third Conditional
Q15. If she had studied harder, she ___ the exam.
(a) would pass (b) would have passed (c) had passed (d) could pass
✔ Ans: (b) would have passed | Third Conditional result: would have + V3।
Q16. If I ___ about the meeting, I would have attended.
(a) knew (b) had known (c) know (d) would know
✔ Ans: (b) had known | Third Conditional if-clause: had + V3।
Q17. He would not have failed if he ___ more carefully.
(a) reads (b) read (c) had read (d) would read
✔ Ans: (c) had read | Third Conditional if-clause: Past Perfect।
Q18. ___ she tried harder, she could have won the prize.
(a) Should (b) Were (c) Had (d) Would
✔ Ans: (c) Had | Had Inversion of Third Conditional।
Q19. If the ambulance ___ earlier, the patient might have survived.
(a) arrives (b) arrived (c) had arrived (d) would arrive
✔ Ans: (c) had arrived | Third Conditional: অতীতের কল্পনা।
Q20. I would have lent him money if he ___ me.
(a) asks (b) asked (c) had asked (d) would ask
✔ Ans: (c) had asked | Third Conditional if-clause: Past Perfect।
Q21. If it ___ for his quick action, the fire could have spread.
(a) were not (b) had not been (c) was not (d) is not
✔ Ans: (b) had not been | 'Had it not been for' = Third Conditional Inversion।
► Group D: Mixed Conditional
Q22. If I had studied medicine, I ___ a doctor now.
(a) would be (b) would have been (c) am (d) had been
✔ Ans: (a) would be | Mixed A: Past Perfect → would + V1 (বর্তমান ফল)।
Q23. If she ___ more careful, she wouldn't have made that mistake.
(a) is (b) were (c) had been (d) would be
✔ Ans: (b) were | Mixed B: বর্তমান শর্ত (were) → অতীত ফল (would have + V3)।
Q24. He would be healthier now if he ___ smoking years ago.
(a) quit (b) quits (c) had quit (d) would quit
✔ Ans: (c) had quit | Mixed A: অতীতে quit করলে → এখন healthier (would be)।
► Group E: WISH / IF ONLY / WOULD RATHER
Q25. I wish I ___ taller.
(a) am (b) was (c) were (d) would be
✔ Ans: (c) were | wish + বর্তমান অবাস্তব → were (formal/exam)।
Q26. She wishes she ___ that opportunity.
(a) takes (b) took (c) had taken (d) would take
✔ Ans: (c) had taken | অতীত অনুশোচনা → wish + Past Perfect।
Q27. I wish you ___ stop making that noise.
(a) will (b) would (c) could (d) can
✔ Ans: (b) would | wish + ভবিষ্যৎ পরিবর্তনের ইচ্ছা → would।
Q28. If only I ___ more time to prepare!
(a) have (b) had (c) had had (d) would have
✔ Ans: (b) had | If only + বর্তমান ইচ্ছা → Past Simple।
Q29. I would rather you ___ the meeting tomorrow.
(a) attend (b) attended (c) will attend (d) had attended
✔ Ans: (b) attended | would rather + other subject → Past Simple।
Q30. I would rather ___ at home than go to that party.
(a) to stay (b) stay (c) staying (d) stayed
✔ Ans: (b) stay | would rather + bare infinitive (নিজের পছন্দ)।
► Group F: Inversion
Q31. ___ you need any further information, please call us.
(a) If (b) Should (c) Were (d) Had
✔ Ans: (b) Should | Should Inversion: First Conditional (formal)।
Q32. ___ he studied harder, he would have passed.
(a) If (b) Should (c) Were (d) Had
✔ Ans: (d) Had | Had Inversion: Third Conditional।
Q33. ___ I rich, I would donate to charity.
(a) If (b) Should (c) Were (d) Had
✔ Ans: (c) Were | Were Inversion: Second Conditional।
Q34. ___ it not been for her encouragement, I would have given up.
(a) Were (b) Had (c) Should (d) If
✔ Ans: (b) Had | 'Had it not been for' = Third Conditional Inversion।
► Group G: Super Tricky Questions
Q35. If he ___ honest, he wouldn't have lied to us.
(a) is (b) was (c) were (d) had been
✔ Ans: (c) were | Second Conditional: অবাস্তব বর্তমান — সে আসলে সৎ নয়।
Q36. He speaks as if he ___ everything about this subject.
(a) knows (b) knew (c) had known (d) would know
✔ Ans: (b) knew | as if + বর্তমান অবাস্তব → Past Simple (were/knew)।
Q37. But for the traffic, I ___ on time.
(a) arrive (b) would arrive (c) would have arrived (d) had arrived
✔ Ans: (c) would have arrived | 'But for' + অতীত context → Third Conditional result।
Q38. If only he ___ his temper during the interview!
(a) controls (b) controlled (c) had controlled (d) would control
✔ Ans: (c) had controlled | অতীত অনুশোচনা → if only + Past Perfect।
Q39. ___ I to be offered a better job, I would take it.
(a) Were (b) Had (c) Should (d) If
✔ Ans: (c) Should | Should Inversion: less certain future possibility।
Q40. If water ___ not a compound, it would not be able to dissolve salts.
(a) is (b) were (c) was (d) had been
✔ Ans: (b) were | Second Conditional (scientific impossibility): formal 'were'।
Q41. She would pass the exam if she ___ as hard as her sister.
(a) studies (b) studied (c) had studied (d) would study
✔ Ans: (b) studied | Second Conditional: বর্তমান অবাস্তব। সে আসলে কঠোর পড়ছে না।
Q42. If the medicine ___, the patient might have recovered.
(a) works (b) worked (c) had worked (d) would work
✔ Ans: (c) had worked | Third Conditional: অতীত কল্পনা।
Q43. Provided that you ___ a valid ticket, you can board the train.
(a) have (b) had (c) will have (d) would have
✔ Ans: (a) have | 'Provided that' = First Conditional: Present Simple।
Q44. I would not have known about the vacancy ___ your help.
(a) but for (b) despite (c) without (d) both a and c
✔ Ans: (d) both a and c | 'but for' ও 'without' উভয়ই Third Conditional অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Q45. If you ___ me earlier, I could have arranged everything.
(a) tell (b) told (c) had told (d) would tell
✔ Ans: (c) had told | Third Conditional: অতীত অনুশোচনা। আগে বললে ব্যবস্থা হতো।
Q46. In case there ___ an emergency, keep this number handy.
(a) is (b) was (c) were (d) would be
✔ Ans: (a) is | 'in case' = আগাম সতর্কতা → Present Simple।
Q47. ___ she not been ill, she would have attended the ceremony.
(a) Were (b) Had (c) Should (d) Did
✔ Ans: (b) Had | Negative Had Inversion: 'Had she not been ill…'।
Q48. If I ___ you, I would take this opportunity without hesitation.
(a) am (b) was (c) were (d) had been
✔ Ans: (c) were | 'If I were you' — Second Conditional, formal 'were'।
Q49. She talks to me as though I ___ a child.
(a) am (b) was (c) were (d) had been
✔ Ans: (c) were | as though + বর্তমান অবাস্তব → Past Simple (were)।
Q50. If he ___ the instructions carefully, he wouldn't have made this error.
(a) reads (b) read (c) had read (d) would have read
✔ Ans: (c) had read | Third Conditional: অতীতের ভুলের জন্য অনুশোচনা।
১৩. Error Detection: ৩৫টি অনুশীলনী
নিচের প্রতিটি বাক্যে একটি করে Conditional সংক্রান্ত ভুল আছে। ভুলটি খুঁজে বের করুন।
E1. Find the error: If it will rain tomorrow, we will cancel the trip.
Error: "will rain" → "rains" | First Conditional: if-clause-এ Future নয়, Present Simple।
E2. Find the error: If I was you, I would accept the offer.
Error: "was" → "were" | Second Conditional: formal English-এ all persons-এর জন্য 'were'।
E3. Find the error: If he would study harder, he would pass.
Error: "would study" → "studied" | if-clause-এ 'would' বসে না; Past Simple বসে।
E4. Find the error: If she had study hard, she would have passed.
Error: "had study" → "had studied" | Third Conditional: had + V3 (Past Perfect)।
E5. Find the error: If I would have known, I would have helped.
Error: "would have known" → "had known" | if-clause-এ 'would have' নয়; Past Perfect বসে।
E6. Find the error: Unless you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus.
Error: "don't hurry" → "hurry" | unless নিজেই negative; double negative ভুল।
E7. Find the error: I wish I would be taller.
Error: "would be" → "were" | wish + বর্তমান অবাস্তব → Past Simple (were)।
E8. Find the error: I wish I have studied harder for the exam.
Error: "have studied" → "had studied" | অতীত অনুশোচনা → wish + Past Perfect।
E9. Find the error: Were I the president, I will reform education.
Error: "will reform" → "would reform" | Inversion of Second Conditional → would + V1।
E10. Find the error: Had she tried harder, she would won.
Error: "would won" → "would have won" | Third Conditional result: would have + V3।
E11. Find the error: If I were rich, I will travel the world.
Error: "will travel" → "would travel" | Second Conditional result: would + V1।
E12. Find the error: If you heat ice, it would melt.
Error: "would melt" → "melts" | Zero Conditional: উভয় clause-এ Present Simple।
E13. Find the error: Should you will need help, call me.
Error: "will need" → "need" | Should Inversion-এ bare V1 বসে।
E14. Find the error: If she would be here, she could help us.
Error: "would be here" → "were here" | Second Conditional: if-clause → Past Simple।
E15. Find the error: I would rather you come tomorrow.
Error: "you come" → "you came" | would rather + other subject → Past Simple।
E16. Find the error: If only I would have more time!
Error: "would have" → "had" | If only + বর্তমান ইচ্ছা → Past Simple।
E17. Find the error: He acts as if he is the boss.
Error: "is" → "were" | as if + অবাস্তব বর্তমান → Subjunctive 'were'।
E18. Find the error: But for your help, I would fail.
Error: "would fail" → "would have failed" | অতীত ঘটনা → would have + V3।
E19. Find the error: Had it not been for the rain, we will go.
Error: "will go" → "would have gone" | Third Conditional Inversion → would have + V3।
E20. Find the error: If I were rich, I would had bought that house.
Error: "would had bought" → "would have bought" | Second Conditional: would + V1, not 'would had'।
E21. Find the error: If the law will be broken, you will be arrested.
Error: "will be broken" → "is broken" | Passive First Conditional: if-clause → Present Simple Passive।
E22. Find the error: She wishes she didn't accept that job.
Error: "didn't accept" → "hadn't accepted" | অতীত অনুশোচনা → wish + Past Perfect।
E23. Find the error: Even if he will try, he cannot succeed.
Error: "will try" → "tries" | 'even if' = conditional → Present Simple।
E24. Find the error: If I had been there, I would stop the fight.
Error: "would stop" → "would have stopped" | অতীত শর্ত → Third Conditional result: would have + V3।
E25. Find the error: Suppose it rains, what would you did?
Error: "would you did" → "would you do" | would + V1 (bare infinitive)।
E26. Find the error: I wish it would stop rain.
Error: "stop rain" → "stop raining" | stop + V-ing।
E27. Find the error: Had she not help me, I would have failed.
Error: "had she not help" → "had she not helped" | Past Perfect: had + not + V3।
E28. Find the error: If he is honest, he would not have lied.
Error: "is honest" → "were honest" | অবাস্তব বর্তমান → Second Conditional: were।
E29. Find the error: She talked as though she knows everything.
Error: "knows" → "knew" | as though + বর্তমান অবাস্তব → Past Simple।
E30. Find the error: Providing that you had a visa, you can enter.
Error: "had a visa" → "have a visa" | First Conditional: Present Simple in condition।
E31. Find the error: If he were more honest, he would not make that mistake last year.
Error: "would not make" → "would not have made" | অতীত ফলাফল → would have + V3 (Mixed B)।
E32. Find the error: Were it not for his support, she would had given up.
Error: "would had given" → "would have given" | Conditional result: would have + V3।
E33. Find the error: I would rather to die than beg.
Error: "to die" → "die" | would rather + bare infinitive।
E34. Find the error: If you would have come earlier, you would have met him.
Error: "would have come" → "had come" | if-clause → Past Perfect; not 'would have'।
E35. Find the error: Unless the patient is not given treatment immediately, he will die.
Error: "is not given" → "is given" | unless = 'if not' → সঠিক: 'Unless the patient is given treatment' (double negative এড়ানো)।
১৪. Exam Tips ও Traps
✅ EXAM TIPS — দ্রুত সমাধানের সূত্র 1. Type চেনার দ্রুত পদ্ধতি: if-clause দেখুন → Present = Zero/First | Past Simple = Second | Past Perfect = Third | Mixed-এ দুটো clause আলাদা। 2. IF-Clause-এ কখনো 'will' বা 'would' বসে না — এটি একটিমাত্র মনে রাখলে ৫০% ভুল এড়ানো সম্ভব। 3. Second Conditional: 'were' সব person-এর জন্য (formal/exam)। 'If I were you' — মুখস্থ করুন। 4. Inversion: Should = First | Were = Second | Had = Third — এই তিনটি মুখস্থ। 5. wish: বর্তমান → Past | অতীত → Past Perfect | ভবিষ্যৎ → would। 6. 'unless' = 'if not' → double negative (unless + not) সর্বদা ভুল। 7. 'But for / Were it not for / Had it not been for' — এগুলো যথাক্রমে 2nd ও 3rd Conditional-এর alternative। 8. If-Clause প্রথমে → Comma আবশ্যক | If-Clause শেষে → Comma নেই। |
⚠️ EXAM TRAPS — পরীক্ষায় বারবার আসা ভুল ✗ 1. 'If it will rain' → ভুল। সঠিক: 'If it rains'। ✗ 2. 'If he would study' → ভুল। সঠিক: 'If he studied'। ✗ 3. 'If I would have known' → ভুল। সঠিক: 'If I had known'। ✗ 4. 'would won' → ভুল। সঠিক: 'would have won'। ✗ 5. 'I wish I was rich' → Informal। Exam-এ: 'I wish I were rich'। ✗ 6. 'Unless you don't come' → double negative। সঠিক: 'Unless you come'। ✗ 7. 'as if he is' → Informal। Exam-এ: 'as if he were'। ✗ 8. 'I would rather to stay' → ভুল। সঠিক: 'I would rather stay' (bare infinitive)। |
১৫. চূড়ান্ত Quick Reference
Structure | সঠিক গঠন | উদাহরণ |
Zero Conditional | If+Pres → Pres | If you heat ice, it melts. |
First Conditional | If+Pres → will+V1 | If it rains, I will stay. |
Second Conditional | If+Past(were) → would+V1 | If I were rich, I would travel. |
Third Conditional | If+PastPerf → would have+V3 | If she had tried, she would have won. |
Mixed A | If+PastPerf → would+V1 | If I had studied, I would be a doctor now. |
Mixed B | If+Past(were) → would have+V3 | If he were careful, he wouldn't have failed. |
Should Inversion | Should+S+V1… | Should you need help, call me. |
Were Inversion | Were+S+…, would+V1 | Were I rich, I would travel. |
Had Inversion | Had+S+V3…, would have+V3 | Had she tried, she would have won. |
Wish (present) | wish+Past Simple(were) | I wish I were taller. |
Wish (past) | wish+Past Perfect | I wish I had studied harder. |
Wish (future) | wish+would+V1 | I wish you would stop. |
If only | Same tenses as wish | If only I had more time! |
Would rather (self) | would rather+V1 | I would rather stay home. |
Would rather (other) | would rather+S+Past | I would rather you came. |
Unless | Unless+Positive = if…not | Unless you hurry, you'll be late. |
But for | But for+noun | But for your help, I would have failed. |
As if / as though | were (present) / had (past) | He acts as if he were a king. |
Only if | Only if+condition | I'll help only if you ask. |
In case | in case+Present Simple | Take an umbrella in case it rains. |
📌 পরামর্শ Conditionals-এর সবচেয়ে সহজ পদ্ধতি: if-clause দেখুন, সেই tense দিয়ে type চিনুন, তারপর main clause-এর সঠিক form বসান। 'IF-Clause-এ Future নেই' — এই একটি নিয়ম মনে রাখলেই বেশিরভাগ প্রশ্নের উত্তর সঠিক হবে। Inversion (Should/Were/Had) ও Wish structures আলাদাভাবে অনুশীলন করুন — এগুলো formal writing-এ নম্বর বাড়ায়। |