Preposition

Preposition

পদান্বয়ী অব্যয়

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Preposition কী? — সহজ পরিচয় — সংজ্ঞা ও ধারণা

🔑 সবচেয়ে সহজ সংজ্ঞা

Preposition = Pre (আগে) + Position (অবস্থান)

যে শব্দ Noun বা Pronoun-এর আগে বসে সেই Noun/Pronoun-এর সাথে বাক্যের অন্য কোনো শব্দের সম্পর্ক দেখায়।

উদাহরণ দিয়ে বোঝো:

➤ The book is ON the table. → "on" বলছে বইটি টেবিলের উপরিভাগে আছে (স্থানের সম্পর্ক)

➤ She came AT 5 o'clock. → "at" বলছে সে ৫টায় এসেছে (সময়ের সম্পর্ক)

➤ He ran FOR the bus. → "for" বলছে সে বাসের উদ্দেশ্যে দৌড়াল (উদ্দেশ্যের সম্পর্ক)

⚠️ Pronoun Object — পরীক্ষার সবচেয়ে বড় ফাঁদ!

Preposition-এর পরে সবসময় Objective Case-এর Pronoun বসে:

I → me, he → him, she → her, they → them, we → us

✗ Between you and I, it is a secret. (ভুল — I এর আগে preposition আছে)

✓ Between you and me, it is a secret. (সঠিক — me = objective case)

✗ This is a gift from my mother and I. (ভুল)

✓ This is a gift from my mother and me. (সঠিক)

Preposition-এর প্রকারভেদ — Classification

প্রকার

সংজ্ঞা

উদাহরণ

Simple Preposition (সরল)

মাত্র একটি শব্দ

in, on, at, by, for, from, of, to, up, off, out, with, till, since, until, after, before, behind, below, above, across, along, among, between, beyond, during, except, inside, like, near, past, round, through, under, upon, within, without

Compound Preposition (যৌগিক)

দুটি শব্দ মিলে তৈরি

about, above, across, along, among, around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, inside, outside, throughout, underneath, within, without

Phrase Preposition (পদগুচ্ছ অব্যয়)

দুই বা ততোধিক শব্দ মিলে একটি Preposition-এর কাজ করে

in front of, on behalf of, instead of, in spite of, by means of, with regard to, in accordance with, by virtue of, in addition to, on account of, for the sake of, with a view to, in the event of, on the verge of, at the mercy of

Participle Preposition (কৃদন্ত অব্যয়)

Present/Past Participle যা Preposition হিসেবে কাজ করে

concerning, regarding, considering, notwithstanding, pending, during, past, excepting, given, including, following, failing

Double Preposition (দ্বৈত অব্যয়)

দুটি Simple Preposition একসাথে

out of, from among, from behind, from beneath, from within, into, onto, up to, down to

Disguised Preposition (ছদ্ম অব্যয়)

'a' বা 'o' রূপে সংকুচিত

a-hunting (= on hunting), afoot (= on foot), o'clock (= of the clock)

IN / ON / AT — সময়ের Preposition — Time Prepositions

সহজ নিয়ম মনে রাখার উপায়: ফানেলের মতো ভাবো

AT → সবচেয়ে ছোট/নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের বিন্দু (একটি মুহূর্ত বা নির্দিষ্ট সময়)

ON → মাঝারি — নির্দিষ্ট দিন বা তারিখ

IN → সবচেয়ে বড় — মাস, বছর, ঋতু, শতাব্দী

চিত্র: AT < ON < IN (ছোট → বড় সময়কাল)

Preposition

ব্যবহার

উদাহরণ

AT

নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের বিন্দু (clock time)

at 5 o'clock, at noon, at midnight, at dawn, at dusk, at sunrise, at sunset

AT

নির্দিষ্ট অনুষ্ঠান/উৎসব (কিছু ক্ষেত্রে)

at Christmas (British), at Easter, at the weekend (British)

AT

বয়সের ক্ষেত্রে

He died at the age of 90. / She married at 25.

ON

নির্দিষ্ট দিন

on Monday, on Sunday, on Christmas Day, on my birthday

ON

নির্দিষ্ট তারিখ

on 26th March, on the 15th of August

ON

দিন + সময়ের অংশ

on Monday morning, on Sunday afternoon

IN

মাস

in January, in March, in October

IN

বছর

in 1971, in 2024, in the 21st century

IN

ঋতু

in summer, in winter, in the rainy season

IN

সময়ের একটি অংশ (দীর্ঘ)

in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening

IN

একটি সময়কালের পরে

I will return in two hours. / He came in a week.

💡 AT Night, IN the Morning — এই ব্যতিক্রমগুলো মুখস্থ করো!

at night ✓ (রাতের জন্য সর্বদা 'at' — কোনো 'the' নেই)

in the morning / in the afternoon / in the evening ✓ (সকাল, বিকাল, সন্ধ্যা — 'in the')

at the moment = এই মুহূর্তে in time = সময়মতো

on time = নির্দিষ্ট সময়ে at the same time = একই সময়ে

in the end = অবশেষে (finally) at the end of = শেষে (specific ending point)

✗ She will come in Monday.

✓ She will come on Monday.

নির্দিষ্ট দিনের জন্য 'on' ব্যবহার হয়, 'in' নয়

✗ He was born on 1990.

✓ He was born in 1990.

বছরের জন্য 'in' ব্যবহার হয়, 'on' নয়

✗ I will call you in night.

✓ I will call you at night.

'at night' — এটি fixed expression, সবসময় 'at'

IN / ON / AT — স্থানের Preposition — Place Prepositions

সহজ ভিজুয়াল নিয়ম — স্থানের ক্ষেত্রে

AT → একটি বিন্দু (point), নির্দিষ্ট জায়গা বা ঘটনার স্থান

ON → একটি রেখা বা উপরিভাগ (surface or line)

IN → আবদ্ধ বা সীমাবদ্ধ জায়গার ভেতরে (inside/enclosed space)

মনে রাখার কৌশল: একটি ঘরের কথা ভাবো —

AT the door (দরজায় — বিন্দু)

ON the door (দরজার উপরিভাগে — surface)

IN the room (ঘরের ভেতরে — আবদ্ধ স্থান)

Preposition

স্থানে ব্যবহার

উদাহরণ

AT

নির্দিষ্ট বিন্দু বা জায়গা

at the bus stop, at the corner, at the top, at the bottom

AT

ছোট শহর বা গ্রাম (British English)

He lives at Comilla. / She stopped at Sylhet.

AT

কোনো জায়গায় উপস্থিতি

at school, at work, at home, at the office, at the station

AT

ঠিকানা

She lives at 15 Green Street.

ON

উপরিভাগে (surface)

on the table, on the floor, on the wall, on the ceiling

ON

রেখা বা পথের ধারে

on the road, on the river, on the coast, on the border

ON

তলা (floor of building)

on the third floor, on the ground floor

ON

পরিবহনে (যাতায়াতের বাহন)

on the bus, on the train, on a plane, on a ship, on a bicycle

IN

আবদ্ধ/সীমাবদ্ধ স্থানের ভেতরে

in the room, in the box, in the bag, in a car, in a taxi

IN

বড় শহর, দেশ, মহাদেশ

in Dhaka, in Bangladesh, in Asia, in the world

IN

কোনো কিছুর মধ্যে ডুবে/আটকে

in the water, in the mud, in trouble, in love

IN

সংবাদপত্র/বইয়ে

in the newspaper, in a book, in a magazine

💡 ON the bus vs IN a car/taxi — এই পার্থক্য পরীক্ষায় আসে!

Public Transport (বড় যানবাহন) → ON:

on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, on the ferry

Private Transport (ছোট যানবাহন) → IN:

in a car, in a taxi, in a van, in an ambulance

তবে: on a bicycle, on a motorbike, on horseback (খোলা যানবাহন → on)

✗ He is at the kitchen.

✓ He is in the kitchen.

আবদ্ধ ঘর বোঝাতে 'in' হয়, 'at' নয়

✗ She lives in 15 Baker Street.

✓ She lives at 15 Baker Street.

নির্দিষ্ট ঠিকানা/নম্বরের জন্য 'at' হয়

✗ They were in the bus.

✓ They were on the bus.

Public transport-এ 'on' হয়, 'in' নয়

অন্যান্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Preposition — Direction, Movement & More

Preposition

অর্থ

উদাহরণ

to

গন্তব্য বোঝায় (দিকে যাওয়া)

She went to school. / He ran to the door.

from

উৎস বা শুরুর বিন্দু

He came from Dhaka. / She is from Bangladesh.

into

ভেতরে প্রবেশ করা (movement inward)

He walked into the room. / She jumped into the pool.

out of

বাইরে বের হওয়া (movement outward)

She ran out of the house. / He took money out of his wallet.

onto

উপরে উঠে যাওয়া (movement to a surface)

The cat jumped onto the table. / He climbed onto the roof.

off

উপর থেকে নামা

She fell off the bike. / Take the lid off the box.

through

ভেতর দিয়ে পার হওয়া

He walked through the forest. / Light passes through glass.

across

একপাশ থেকে অন্যপাশে

She swam across the river. / He walked across the road.

along

বরাবর / সমান্তরালভাবে

They walked along the beach. / Drive along this road.

towards

দিকে (কিন্তু পৌঁছানো নাও হতে পারে)

He walked towards the market. / She moved towards him.

past

পাশ দিয়ে অতিক্রম করা

He walked past the school. / Drive past the traffic light.

around

চারদিকে/ঘুরে

She walked around the lake. / The earth moves around the sun.

over

উপর দিয়ে (বাতাসে/উঁচুতে)

The plane flew over the city. / Jump over the fence.

under

নিচ দিয়ে / নিচে

He walked under the bridge. / The cat sat under the table.

between

দুটির মাঝে

He sat between Rahim and Karim. / between you and me

among

তিন বা ততোধিকের মধ্যে

She was among the best students. / Distribute among five boys.

behind

পিছনে

He hid behind the tree. / The truth lies behind the story.

in front of

সামনে

She stood in front of the mirror. / The car is in front of the house.

beside

পাশে (next to)

He sat beside her. / The school is beside the park.

besides

ছাড়াও (in addition to)

Besides English, she knows French. / Besides me, no one came.

⚠️ Between vs Among — এই ভুল সবাই করে!

BETWEEN → দুটি নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে

✓ He sat between Rahim and Karim. (দুজনের মাঝে)

✓ Divide the cake between the two brothers.

AMONG → তিন বা ততোধিকের মধ্যে

✓ She was among the best students in the class. (অনেকের মধ্যে)

✓ Distribute the sweets among the children.

তবে আধুনিক ব্যবহারে 'between' তিন বা ততোধিকের জন্যও ব্যবহার হয় যদি প্রত্যেকে আলাদাভাবে বিবেচিত হয়:

✓ An agreement between five countries. (পাঁচটি দেশের মধ্যে চুক্তি)

✗ Distribute the prize among the two winners.

✓ Distribute the prize between the two winners.

দুজনের মধ্যে → between; among তিনের বেশির জন্য

✗ She went into the school.

✓ She went to school.

নিয়মিত কাজের জন্য 'to school' — into বলে ভেতরে ঢোকা বোঝায়

BY, WITH, THROUGH, FOR, SINCE — বিস্তারিত — Tricky Prepositions

BY-এর ব্যবহার

উদাহরণ

অর্থ

যানবাহন (Transport mode — always singular, no 'a/the')

He came by bus. / She travels by train.

যানবাহনের মাধ্যমে

কর্তা (Passive Voice-এ agent)

The book was written by Tagore.

কর্তৃপক্ষ দ্বারা

পাশে (Proximity)

He stood by the window. / Sit by me.

পাশে

নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে (Deadline)

Finish it by 5 pm. / Return by Monday.

নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে

পদ্ধতি/মাধ্যম (Means)

Pay by cheque. / Send by post. / by hand

পদ্ধতিতে / মাধ্যমে

পরিমাপের ভিত্তি

Sold by the kilo. / Rented by the day.

হিসেব করা হয়

Fixed expressions

by chance, by mistake, by heart, by force, by birth

নির্দিষ্ট প্রয়োগ

💡 BY vs WITH — যন্ত্রপাতির ক্ষেত্রে পার্থক্য

BY → Passive Voice-এ কর্তা (agent) বা সাধারণ মাধ্যম (abstract):

✓ The letter was written by him. (Passive — কে করেছে)

✓ He earns money by hard work. (পদ্ধতি — abstract)

WITH → সরাসরি যন্ত্র বা হাতিয়ার (instrument — concrete/tangible):

✓ He wrote the letter with a pen. (কলম দিয়ে — concrete tool)

✓ She cut it with scissors. (কাঁচি দিয়ে)

মনে রাখো: BY = কে বা কীভাবে (abstract); WITH = কোন জিনিস দিয়ে (concrete)

FOR এবং SINCE-এর পার্থক্য — সহজে মনে রাখো

FOR = সময়ের পরিমাণ/কাল (duration — কতক্ষণ ধরে?)

→ for two hours, for three days, for a week, for many years, for a long time

SINCE = শুরুর নির্দিষ্ট সময় বা বিন্দু (starting point — কখন থেকে?)

→ since 2020, since Monday, since childhood, since last week, since morning

নিয়ম: FOR এবং SINCE সাধারণত Present Perfect / Perfect Continuous Tense-এ ব্যবহার হয়।

✓ I have been waiting FOR two hours. (দুই ঘণ্টা ধরে — duration)

✓ I have been waiting SINCE 8 o'clock. (৮টা থেকে — starting point)

✗ I have been here since two hours.

✓ I have been here for two hours.

duration → for; 'two hours' সংখ্যা বোঝায়, নির্দিষ্ট সময় নয়

✗ He has been working from morning.

✓ He has been working since morning.

'since' নির্দিষ্ট শুরুর সময়ের জন্য; 'from' নয়

Adjective + Preposition সংমিশ্রণ — Fixed Combinations — পরীক্ষায় বারবার আসে

Adjective

Preposition

উদাহরণ বাক্য

angry

with (person) / at (thing)

She is angry with me. / He is angry at the delay.

afraid

of

He is afraid of snakes.

anxious

about / for

She is anxious about the result. / anxious for news

aware

of

Are you aware of the problem?

capable

of

He is capable of doing it.

careful

of / about

Be careful of the dog. / Be careful about your health.

certain

of / about

I am certain of his innocence.

confident

of / in

She is confident of success.

curious

about

He is curious about everything.

dependent

on

Children are dependent on their parents.

different

from

This is different from that.

disappointed

with / in / at

I am disappointed with the result.

familiar

with

Are you familiar with this concept?

fond

of

She is fond of music.

full

of

The glass is full of water.

good

at (skill) / for (benefit)

She is good at English. / Exercise is good for health.

grateful

to (person) / for (reason)

I am grateful to you for your help.

guilty

of

He was found guilty of theft.

interested

in

She is interested in painting.

jealous

of

He is jealous of his friend's success.

kind

to

Be kind to everyone.

married

to

She is married to a doctor.

pleased

with

He is pleased with her work.

proud

of

She is proud of her son.

responsible

for

He is responsible for this mistake.

satisfied

with

Are you satisfied with the answer?

sensitive

to

She is sensitive to cold.

similar

to

This is similar to that one.

sorry

for / about

I am sorry for the mistake.

sure

of / about

I am sure of his honesty.

surprised

at / by

I was surprised at / by his behaviour.

tired

of

She is tired of waiting.

worried

about

He is worried about the exam.

⚠️ পরীক্ষার ফাঁদ — এই Adjective+Preposition জুটিগুলো সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুল হয়

married TO (not with): She is married to a doctor. ✓

different FROM (not than/to): This is different from that. ✓

angry WITH a person, angry AT a thing: He is angry with me. / angry at the noise.

good AT (skill), good FOR (benefit): She is good at singing. / Milk is good for health.

grateful TO a person, grateful FOR a reason: I am grateful to you for your help.

interested IN (not on): She is interested in science. ✓

surprised AT/BY (not from): I was surprised at his behaviour. ✓

tired OF (not from): She is tired of waiting. ✓

✗ She is married with a doctor.

✓ She is married to a doctor.

married to — সঠিক preposition

✗ He is angry on me.

✓ He is angry with me.

ব্যক্তির সাথে রাগ → angry with

✗ This is different than that.

✓ This is different from that.

different from — British English standard

✗ She is interested on music.

✓ She is interested in music.

interested in — সঠিক preposition

Verb + Preposition সংমিশ্রণ — Fixed Verb Phrases — পরীক্ষায় অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ

Verb + Preposition

অর্থ

উদাহরণ বাক্য

agree with (person)

একমত হওয়া

I agree with you on this point.

agree to (proposal)

(প্রস্তাবে) সম্মত হওয়া

He agreed to the plan.

aim at

লক্ষ্য করা

He aimed at the target.

apologize to / for

ক্ষমা চাওয়া

She apologized to him for being late.

apply for

আবেদন করা

He applied for the job.

apply to

প্রযোজ্য হওয়া / জমা দেওয়া

This rule applies to everyone.

approve of

অনুমোদন করা

I do not approve of his behaviour.

arrive at (small place)

পৌঁছানো

He arrived at the station.

arrive in (large place)

পৌঁছানো

She arrived in Dhaka yesterday.

believe in

বিশ্বাস করা (concept)

He believes in God.

belong to

অন্তর্গত হওয়া

This book belongs to me.

blame for

দোষারোপ করা

He was blamed for the accident.

care for / about

পরোয়া করা / যত্ন নেওয়া

She cares for the children. / He doesn't care about money.

comment on

মন্তব্য করা

She commented on the situation.

comply with

মেনে চলা

You must comply with the rules.

concentrate on

মনোযোগ দেওয়া

Concentrate on your studies.

congratulate on

অভিনন্দন জানানো

I congratulate you on your success.

consist of

গঠিত হওয়া

The committee consists of ten members.

deal with

মোকাবিলা করা

He can deal with any problem.

decide on

সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়া

They decided on a new plan.

depend on

নির্ভর করা

Success depends on hard work.

die of (disease)

রোগে মারা যাওয়া

He died of cancer.

die from (injury/accident)

দুর্ঘটনায় মারা যাওয়া

He died from a gunshot wound.

disagree with

দ্বিমত করা

I disagree with your opinion.

dream of / about

স্বপ্ন দেখা

She dreams of becoming a doctor.

escape from

পালানো

He escaped from prison.

fail in

ব্যর্থ হওয়া

He failed in mathematics.

glance at

দ্রুত তাকানো

She glanced at the clock.

hear of / about

শুনতে পাওয়া

Have you heard of this singer?

hope for

আশা করা

We all hope for peace.

insist on

জোর দেওয়া

He insisted on paying the bill.

invest in

বিনিয়োগ করা

She invested in real estate.

laugh at

হাসা/উপহাস করা

Don't laugh at others' mistakes.

listen to

শোনা

Always listen to your parents.

long for

আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা

She longs for peace.

look after

দেখাশোনা করা

She looks after the old man.

look at

তাকানো

Look at this picture.

look for

খোঁজা

I am looking for my keys.

look forward to

প্রত্যাশায় থাকা

I look forward to meeting you.

object to

আপত্তি করা

He objected to the proposal.

participate in

অংশগ্রহণ করা

She participated in the debate.

pay for

মূল্য দেওয়া

He paid for the meal.

pray for

প্রার্থনা করা

We should pray for world peace.

prevent from

বাধা দেওয়া

His illness prevented him from coming.

profit from

লাভ করা

He profited from the business.

protect from

রক্ষা করা

Sunscreen protects your skin from UV rays.

provide with

সরবরাহ করা

The company provides employees with training.

recover from

সুস্থ হওয়া

She recovered from her illness.

refer to

উল্লেখ করা

Please refer to the manual.

rely on

নির্ভর করা

You can rely on him.

result in

ফলে হওয়া

Carelessness results in accidents.

result from

কারণে হওয়া

The accident resulted from carelessness.

search for

খোঁজা

Police are searching for the criminal.

suffer from

ভোগা

She suffers from asthma.

talk to (one-way)

কথা বলা

I talked to the manager.

talk with (two-way)

কথা বলা

I had a talk with him.

think about

ভাবা

I am thinking about the plan.

think of

মনে করা

I think of you every day.

warn about / of

সতর্ক করা

She warned us about the danger.

💡 result in vs result from — পার্থক্যটা মনে রাখো

result IN = কারণটি আগে, ফলাফল পরে (এটি ফলাফলে পরিণত হয়):

✓ His hard work resulted in success. (পরিশ্রম → সাফল্য)

result FROM = ফলাফলটি আগে, কারণ পরে (এটি কারণ থেকে এসেছে):

✓ The accident resulted from carelessness. (অসাবধানতা → দুর্ঘটনা)

die OF (disease): He died of COVID. (রোগে)

die FROM (injury): He died from a wound. (আঘাতে)

✗ I agree to your opinion.

✓ I agree with your opinion.

ব্যক্তির মত/বিষয়ে একমত → agree with; plan/proposal-এ → agree to

✗ She arrived to Dhaka.

✓ She arrived in Dhaka.

বড় শহরে পৌঁছানো → arrived in

✗ He died from cholera.

✓ He died of cholera.

রোগে মারা → die of; আঘাতে → die from

✗ I am looking forward to meet you.

✓ I am looking forward to meeting you.

look forward to → এখানে 'to' হলো Preposition, তাই পরে Gerund (V+ing)

Noun + Preposition সংমিশ্রণ — Fixed Noun Phrases

Noun + Preposition

অর্থ

উদাহরণ

access to

প্রবেশাধিকার

Everyone has access to education.

advantage of

সুবিধা

She took advantage of the opportunity.

answer to

উত্তর (প্রশ্নের)

There is no easy answer to this question.

apology for

ক্ষমাপ্রার্থনা

He owes you an apology for his behaviour.

approach to

পদ্ধতি/দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি

His approach to the problem is unique.

attempt at

চেষ্টা

This is his third attempt at the exam.

belief in

বিশ্বাস

She has a strong belief in God.

confidence in

আস্থা

I have confidence in your ability.

concern for / about

উদ্বেগ

She has great concern for the environment.

connection between

সংযোগ

There is a connection between them.

contribution to

অবদান

His contribution to science is remarkable.

damage to

ক্ষতি

The storm caused damage to the crops.

demand for

চাহিদা

There is a great demand for skilled workers.

difficulty in

কষ্ট

She has difficulty in speaking English.

discussion about / on

আলোচনা

We had a discussion about the plan.

expert in / at

বিশেষজ্ঞ

She is an expert in medicine.

experience in / of

অভিজ্ঞতা

He has years of experience in teaching.

faith in

বিশ্বাস

Have faith in yourself.

increase in

বৃদ্ধি

There has been an increase in prices.

interest in

আগ্রহ

She has a great interest in music.

invitation to

আমন্ত্রণ

I received an invitation to the wedding.

knowledge of

জ্ঞান

She has a vast knowledge of history.

lack of

অভাব

There is a lack of clean water here.

need for

প্রয়োজন

There is a great need for education.

objection to

আপত্তি

He has no objection to the plan.

opportunity for

সুযোগ

This is a great opportunity for you.

permission to

অনুমতি

He asked for permission to leave.

pride in

গর্ব

She takes pride in her work.

reason for

কারণ

What is the reason for your absence?

relationship with

সম্পর্ক

She has a good relationship with everyone.

reply to

উত্তর (চিঠির)

I am waiting for a reply to my letter.

respect for

সম্মান

We must have respect for elders.

responsibility for

দায়িত্ব

He took responsibility for the mistake.

solution to

সমাধান

There is a solution to every problem.

sympathy for / with

সহানুভূতি

I have great sympathy for him.

talent for

প্রতিভা

She has a talent for painting.

threat to

হুমকি

Pollution is a threat to public health.

trouble with

সমস্যা

He has trouble with mathematics.

Phrase Preposition — বিশেষ সংযোগ বাক্যাংশ — পরীক্ষায় বারবার আসে

Phrase Preposition

অর্থ

উদাহরণ

in front of

সামনে

He stood in front of the mirror.

on behalf of

পক্ষ থেকে

I speak on behalf of the whole team.

instead of

পরিবর্তে

Use oil instead of butter.

in spite of

সত্ত্বেও

In spite of the rain, he came.

by means of

মাধ্যমে

He escaped by means of a rope.

with regard to

সম্পর্কে

I want to speak with regard to this matter.

in accordance with

অনুযায়ী

Act in accordance with the rules.

by virtue of

বলে / কারণে

He succeeded by virtue of hard work.

in addition to

ছাড়াও

In addition to English, she knows French.

on account of

কারণে

He was absent on account of illness.

for the sake of

জন্য / খাতিরে

He did it for the sake of his family.

with a view to

উদ্দেশ্যে (Gerund-এর আগে)

She studied hard with a view to passing.

in the event of

ক্ষেত্রে

In the event of rain, the match will be postponed.

at the mercy of

দয়ায়/করুণায়

The passengers were at the mercy of the pirates.

in lieu of

বদলে

He was given money in lieu of salary.

in terms of

দিক থেকে

In terms of quality, this is the best.

with respect to

সম্পর্কে

With respect to your question, I can say...

owing to

কারণে

Owing to the storm, flights were cancelled.

due to

কারণে (subject complement হিসেবে)

His success was due to hard work.

because of

কারণে

The match was cancelled because of rain.

prior to

আগে

Prior to the meeting, read the report.

subsequent to

পরে

Subsequent to the interview, he was selected.

contrary to

বিরুদ্ধে

Contrary to expectations, he failed.

in comparison with

তুলনায়

In comparison with last year, sales have improved.

with the exception of

ব্যতীত

Everyone came with the exception of Rahim.

💡 owing to / due to / because of — পার্থক্য

BECAUSE OF → Adverb phrase, বাক্যের যেকোনো স্থানে:

✓ The match was cancelled because of rain.

DUE TO → Adjective phrase, Linking Verb-এর পরে বা Noun-এর পরে:

✓ The cancellation was due to rain. (subject complement)

✗ Due to rain, the match was cancelled. (এই ব্যবহার informal)

OWING TO → Adverb phrase, 'because of'-এর মতো বিভিন্ন জায়গায়:

✓ Owing to illness, he was absent. (formal)

পরীক্ষায় সহজ নিয়ম: কারণ বোঝাতে 'because of' সবচেয়ে নিরাপদ।

বিশেষ ও ট্রিকি নিয়মাবলি — Uncommon Rules — পরীক্ষায় আসে

⚠️ Look forward TO MEETING — to এখানে Preposition, Infinitive নয়!

এটি সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুল হওয়া structure:

✗ I look forward to meet you. (meet = base verb — ভুল)

✓ I look forward to meeting you. (meeting = Gerund — সঠিক)

কারণ: 'look forward to' তে 'to' হলো Preposition।

Preposition-এর পরে Verb আসলে Gerund (V+ing) হয়।

অন্যান্য উদাহরণ:

✓ I am used to working hard. (not 'to work')

✓ I object to being treated like this. (not 'to be treated')

✓ He is committed to helping others. (not 'to help')

💡 Last/Next/This — এর আগে Preposition বসে না!

✗ He came on last Monday. → ✓ He came last Monday.

✗ She will come on next Sunday. → ✓ She will come next Sunday.

✗ I saw him on this morning. → ✓ I saw him this morning.

নিয়ম: last, next, this, every, that — এই শব্দগুলোর আগে কোনো Preposition আসে না।

বাক্য

Preposition

অর্থ

He talked to me.

to

একমুখী কথোপকথন (আমাকে বলল)

He talked with me.

with

দ্বিমুখী কথোপকথন (আমার সাথে আলোচনা)

She agreed with me.

with

আমার মতের সাথে একমত

She agreed to the plan.

to

প্রস্তাবে সম্মত হলো

He looked at me.

at

তাকাল (দেখল)

He looked after me.

after

দেখাশোনা করল

He looked for me.

for

খুঁজল

He looked into the matter.

into

তদন্ত করল

She complained to him.

to

তাকে অভিযোগ করল

She complained about him.

about

তার বিষয়ে অভিযোগ করল

Think of me.

of

আমার কথা মনে করো

Think about the plan.

about

পরিকল্পনাটি নিয়ে ভাবো

Hear of someone.

of

কারো সম্বন্ধে শোনা (by chance)

Hear from someone.

from

কারো কাছ থেকে খবর পাওয়া (letter/call)

She cares for him.

for

তার দেখাশোনা করে

She cares about money.

about

টাকার বিষয়ে পরোয়া করে

MCQ Practice Set — বহুনির্বাচনি প্রশ্নোত্তর — BCS · Bank · NTRCA

1. She has been living here _____ 2015.

(A) for

(B) since

(C) from

(D) during

✔ Answer: (B) since since = নির্দিষ্ট শুরুর সময় (2015 = নির্দিষ্ট বছর); for = duration

2. He died _____ cancer last year.

(A) from

(B) by

(C) of

(D) with

✔ Answer: (C) of রোগে মারা যাওয়া → die of (disease); die from = আঘাতে

3. She is good _____ mathematics.

(A) in

(B) at

(C) on

(D) for

✔ Answer: (B) at good at = কোনো বিষয়ে দক্ষ; good for = স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য ভালো

4. Between you and _____, this is confidential.

(A) I

(B) me

(C) my

(D) mine

✔ Answer: (B) me Between (preposition)-এর পরে Objective Case → me

5. He arrived _____ Dhaka at midnight.

(A) at

(B) to

(C) in

(D) into

✔ Answer: (C) in বড় শহরে পৌঁছানো → arrived in Dhaka

6. They were travelling _____ the bus.

(A) in

(B) at

(C) on

(D) by

✔ Answer: (C) on Public transport-এ → on the bus

7. She succeeded _____ passing the exam.

(A) to

(B) in

(C) at

(D) on

✔ Answer: (B) in succeed in + Gerund → succeed in passing

8. He congratulated me _____ my success.

(A) for

(B) about

(C) on

(D) at

✔ Answer: (C) on congratulate someone on something → fixed preposition

9. The poor man suffers _____ poverty.

(A) with

(B) from

(C) by

(D) of

✔ Answer: (B) from suffer from → ভোগা (illness/condition)

10. She is married _____ a doctor.

(A) with

(B) by

(C) to

(D) of

✔ Answer: (C) to married to — সঠিক; 'married with' ভুল

11. I look forward _____ hearing from you.

(A) to

(B) for

(C) of

(D) at

✔ Answer: (A) to look forward to + Gerund (to = preposition here)

12. He was punished _____ telling a lie.

(A) for

(B) of

(C) by

(D) with

✔ Answer: (A) for punished for + reason/offence

13. _____ spite of being ill, she went to school.

(A) By

(B) In

(C) With

(D) At

✔ Answer: (B) In In spite of = সত্ত্বেও (fixed phrase preposition)

14. He came _____ last Monday.

(A) on

(B) in

(C) at

(D) (no preposition)

✔ Answer: (D) (no preposition) last/next/this-এর আগে কোনো Preposition বসে না

15. The solution _____ the problem was found.

(A) of

(B) for

(C) to

(D) at

✔ Answer: (C) to solution to a problem → fixed noun + preposition

16. She is very different _____ her sister.

(A) than

(B) to

(C) from

(D) with

✔ Answer: (C) from different from — British English standard form

17. He has a great talent _____ painting.

(A) in

(B) for

(C) at

(D) on

✔ Answer: (B) for talent for → fixed noun + preposition

18. She is angry _____ me for being late.

(A) at

(B) on

(C) with

(D) about

✔ Answer: (C) with angry with a person; angry at a thing

19. The book was written _____ Rabindranath.

(A) with

(B) from

(C) by

(D) of

✔ Answer: (C) by Passive Voice-এ agent → by

20. He cut the cake _____ a knife.

(A) by

(B) with

(C) through

(D) from

✔ Answer: (B) with সরাসরি যন্ত্র (concrete tool) → with; by = abstract means

21. She apologized _____ him _____ being rude.

(A) for/to

(B) to/for

(C) at/for

(D) with/for

✔ Answer: (B) to/for apologize to (person) for (reason)

22. He was accused _____ theft.

(A) for

(B) with

(C) of

(D) by

✔ Answer: (C) of accused of + crime/offence

23. Distribute the prize _____ the two winners.

(A) among

(B) between

(C) with

(D) to

✔ Answer: (B) between দুজনের মধ্যে → between; তিনের বেশি → among

24. He ran _____ the room when he heard the news.

(A) to

(B) into

(C) in

(D) toward

✔ Answer: (B) into movement + entering a place → into (not 'in')

25. She has been waiting _____ three hours.

(A) since

(B) for

(C) from

(D) during

✔ Answer: (B) for duration বোঝাতে → for; since = starting point

26. He is responsible _____ this project.

(A) of

(B) for

(C) about

(D) to

✔ Answer: (B) for responsible for → fixed adjective + preposition

27. The train leaves _____ 6 am _____ Monday.

(A) at/in

(B) at/on

(C) in/on

(D) on/at

✔ Answer: (B) at/on নির্দিষ্ট সময় → at; নির্দিষ্ট দিন → on

28. She is expert _____ solving problems.

(A) at

(B) in

(C) of

(D) on

✔ Answer: (B) in expert in + field/subject

29. He goes to school _____ foot.

(A) by

(B) with

(C) on

(D) at

✔ Answer: (C) on on foot = পায়ে হেঁটে (fixed expression)

30. He prevented her _____ making a mistake.

(A) to

(B) from

(C) of

(D) for

✔ Answer: (B) from prevent someone from + Gerund

Practice Questions — Fill in the Blank

Error Detection

1. She has been living here since five years.

ভুল: since five years → সংশোধন: for five years

ব্যাখ্যা: duration বোঝাতে 'for' হয়; 'since' নির্দিষ্ট শুরুর সময়ের জন্য

2. He is married with a doctor.

ভুল: married with → সংশোধন: married to

ব্যাখ্যা: married to — সঠিক Preposition; 'with' হয় না

3. She is interested on science.

ভুল: on → সংশোধন: in

ব্যাখ্যা: interested in — fixed combination; 'on' নয়

4. Between you and I, this is a lie.

ভুল: I → সংশোধন: me

ব্যাখ্যা: Preposition 'between'-এর পরে Objective Case → 'me'

5. He died from cancer.

ভুল: from → সংশোধন: of

ব্যাখ্যা: রোগে মারা যাওয়া → die of; die from = আঘাতে

6. She is angry on her friend.

ভুল: on → সংশোধন: with

ব্যাখ্যা: angry with a person; angry at a thing

7. He arrived at Dhaka yesterday.

ভুল: at → সংশোধন: in

ব্যাখ্যা: বড় শহরে → arrived in; ছোট জায়গায় → arrived at

8. She came on last Monday.

ভুল: on last Monday → সংশোধন: last Monday

ব্যাখ্যা: last/next/this-এর আগে Preposition বসে না

9. I look forward to meet you.

ভুল: to meet → সংশোধন: to meeting

ব্যাখ্যা: look forward to + Gerund; 'to' এখানে Preposition

10. He was punished of telling a lie.

ভুল: of → সংশোধন: for

ব্যাখ্যা: punished for + offence/reason

11. She is different than her sister.

ভুল: than → সংশোধন: from

ব্যাখ্যা: different from — standard English form

12. Distribute the chocolates between all the students.

ভুল: between → সংশোধন: among

ব্যাখ্যা: তিনের বেশির মধ্যে → among

13. He succeeded to pass the exam.

ভুল: to pass → সংশোধন: in passing

ব্যাখ্যা: succeed in + Gerund; 'in passing' সঠিক

14. She cut the bread by a knife.

ভুল: by → সংশোধন: with

ব্যাখ্যা: সরাসরি যন্ত্র/হাতিয়ার বোঝাতে 'with'; abstract পদ্ধতিতে 'by'

15. He was born in Monday.

ভুল: in Monday → সংশোধন: on Monday

ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট দিনের জন্য 'on'; বছর/মাসের জন্য 'in'

16. She entered into the room quickly.

ভুল: entered into → সংশোধন: entered

ব্যাখ্যা: 'enter' এবং 'into' একসাথে redundant; 'entered the room' সঠিক

17. He is expert in playing chess.

ভুল: expert in playing → সংশোধন: expert at playing

ব্যাখ্যা: expert at + skill/activity

18. She has a great talent in music.

ভুল: in → সংশোধন: for

ব্যাখ্যা: talent for + skill/art — fixed noun + preposition

19. He apologized me for being late.

ভুল: apologized me → সংশোধন: apologized to me

ব্যাখ্যা: apologize to (person) for (reason)

20. She prevented him to make a mistake.

ভুল: to make → সংশোধন: from making

ব্যাখ্যা: prevent someone from + Gerund

21. He reached to school at noon.

ভুল: reached to → সংশোধন: reached

ব্যাখ্যা: 'reach' transitive — 'to' বসে না; 'arrived at' বলা যায়

22. She is suffering with a cold.

ভুল: with → সংশোধন: from

ব্যাখ্যা: suffer from + illness/condition; 'with' নয়

23. He plays football in Sundays.

ভুল: in → সংশোধন: on

ব্যাখ্যা: নির্দিষ্ট দিনে → 'on'; 'on Sundays' সঠিক

24. The match was cancelled due to the heavy rainfall affected the field.

ভুল: due to the heavy rainfall affected → সংশোধন: because of the heavy rainfall

ব্যাখ্যা: due to + noun; পুরো clause-এর আগে 'because of'

25. She is used to work hard.

ভুল: to work → সংশোধন: to working

ব্যাখ্যা: be used to + Gerund; 'to' এখানে Preposition

Master Reference — দ্রুত পর্যালোচনা — Quick Revision Table

বিষয়

নিয়ম

উদাহরণ

সময়: AT

নির্দিষ্ট সময়/মুহূর্ত

at 5 pm, at noon, at night

সময়: ON

নির্দিষ্ট দিন/তারিখ

on Monday, on 26th March

সময়: IN

মাস/বছর/ঋতু/দীর্ঘকাল

in January, in 2024, in summer

স্থান: AT

নির্দিষ্ট বিন্দু/ছোট জায়গা

at the stop, at Comilla

স্থান: ON

উপরিভাগ, পরিবহন লাইন

on the table, on the bus

স্থান: IN

আবদ্ধ স্থান/বড় শহর

in the room, in Dhaka

FOR

সময়ের পরিমাণ (duration)

for two hours, for years

SINCE

নির্দিষ্ট শুরুর সময়

since 2015, since Monday

BY

যানবাহন/কর্তা/পাশে/সীমা

by bus, by Tagore, by 5 pm

WITH

সঙ্গে/যন্ত্র (concrete)

with me, with a knife

BETWEEN

দুটির মাঝে

between A and B

AMONG

তিন বা ততোধিকের মাঝে

among the students

INTO

ভেতরে প্রবেশ (movement)

walked into the room

Gerund after Prep.

Preposition-এর পরে V+ing

interested in learning, good at playing

No Prep. before last/next

this/last/next-এর আগে preposition নেই

last Monday (not on last Monday)

🎯 পরীক্ষার আগে শেষ মুহূর্তের চেকলিস্ট

1. married TO (not with) | different FROM (not than) | similar TO

2. die OF disease | die FROM injury

3. angry WITH person | angry AT thing

4. good AT skill | good FOR health

5. grateful TO person | grateful FOR reason

6. arrive IN big city | arrive AT small place

7. on the bus/train | in a car/taxi

8. Preposition-এর পরে Pronoun → Objective Case (me, him, her, them, us)

9. look forward TO + Gerund (NOT infinitive)

10. on foot | by bus | in a car | on horseback — পরিবহন expressions মুখস্থ রাখুন

11. last/next/this-এর আগে কোনো Preposition নেই

12. at night | in the morning/afternoon/evening — এই ব্যতিক্রম মনে রাখুন