Noun

N O U N

১. NOUN কী? — সংজ্ঞা ও পরিচিতি

সংজ্ঞা (Definition):

Noun হলো এমন একটি শব্দ যা কোনো ব্যক্তি, স্থান, বস্তু, গুণ বা ধারণার নাম বোঝায়।

Definition: "A Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place, or thing."

২. NOUN-এর পাঁচটি প্রকার — বিস্তারিত

◆ Proper Noun — ব্যক্তিবাচক বিশেষ্য

→ Ram is my friend. | She lives in Dhaka. | The Padma is a great river.

→ Bangladesh is a beautiful country. | The Quran is a holy book.

📌 নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি, স্থান বা বস্তুর নাম বিশেষভাবে বোঝায়।

📌 সবসময় Capital letter দিয়ে লেখা হয়।

◆ Common Noun — জাতিবাচক বিশেষ্য

→ A dog is a faithful animal. | Boys are playing in the field.

→ She is a kind teacher. | The river flows through the valley.

📌 পুরো জাতি বা শ্রেণীকে বোঝায় — নির্দিষ্ট কাউকে নয়।

📌 Common Noun কখনো Capital letter দিয়ে শুরু হয় না।

◆ Collective Noun — সমষ্টিবাচক বিশেষ্য

→ The team is playing well. | The jury has given its verdict.

→ A flock of birds was flying. | The committee meets every week.

📌 সাধারণত Singular Verb নেয় — কিন্তু বিভক্ত হলে Plural Verb নেয়।

📌 The jury is/are সিদ্ধান্ত অনুযায়ী।

◆ Material Noun — দ্রব্যবাচক বিশেষ্য

→ The necklace is made of gold. | Wood is used for furniture.

→ Cotton is grown in Bangladesh. | Water is essential for life.

📌 Uncountable — গণনা করা যায় না।

📌 Article A/An বসে না; শুধু 'The' বসতে পারে নির্দিষ্ট অর্থে।

◆ Abstract Noun — গুণবাচক বিশেষ্য

→ Honesty is the best policy. | She has great courage.

→ His kindness surprised everyone. | Poverty is a curse.

📌 অনুভূতি, গুণ, অবস্থা বা ধারণার নাম — স্পর্শ, দেখা বা অনুভব করা যায় না।

📌 সাধারণত Singular Verb নেয় এবং Article A/An পায় না।

💡 Abstract Noun তৈরির উপায়

Verb থেকে: know → knowledge | achieve → achievement | act → action

Adjective থেকে: honest → honesty | kind → kindness | free → freedom

Common Noun থেকে: king → kingship | friend → friendship | child → childhood

Suffix: -ness, -tion, -ment, -ship, -hood, -ity, -ance, -dom

৩. COUNTABLE VS UNCOUNTABLE NOUN — পরীক্ষায় সর্বাধিক আসে

Uncountable Nouns — মুখস্থের তালিকা

নিচের Nouns-গুলো Uncountable — এদের আগে a/an বসবে না, Plural হবে না।

Advice, Accommodation, Baggage, Luggage, News, Permission, Progress, Scenery, Weather, Traffic, Knowledge, Music, Wine, Equipment, Information, Poetry, Furniture, Hair, Business, Mischief, Bread, Stationery, Crockery, Money, Jewellery, Work, Evidence, Research, Machinery, Laughter, Linen, Behaviour, Education, Experience (সাধারণ অর্থে), Harm, Help, Homework, Love, Nature, Peace, Safety

💡 Uncountable-কে Countable করার কৌশল

a piece of advice / information / news / furniture / work / bread

a bit of advice / luck / fun

a loaf of bread | a sheet of paper | a slice of toast

a word of advice | a flash of lightning | a clap of thunder

a grain of rice / sand | a drop of water | a blade of grass

৪. PLURAL FORMATION RULES — NOUN-এর বহুবচন গঠন

Rule 1: সাধারণ Plural — শেষে 's' যোগ

Rule 2: -s, -sh, -ch, -x, -z শেষে → 'es' যোগ

Rule 3: Consonant + y → 'y' বাদ দিয়ে 'ies'

Rule 4: Vowel + y → শুধু 's' যোগ

Rule 5: -f / -fe শেষে → 'f/fe' বাদ দিয়ে 'ves'

ব্যতিক্রম (শুধু 's' যোগ হয়): roof → roofs | belief → beliefs | chef → chefs | cliff → cliffs | proof → proofs | safe → safes

Rule 6: Irregular Plural — ভেতরের Vowel পরিবর্তন

Rule 7: '-en' যোগে Plural

Rule 8: Same Form (Singular = Plural)

Sheep, Deer, Fish, Species, Series, Aircraft, Swine, Moose, Salmon, Trout, Bison, Offspring

One sheep → Many sheep | One fish → Many fish (সাধারণত) | One aircraft → Many aircraft

Rule 9: সবসময় Plural — Singular Verb নেওয়া যাবে না

Scissors, Tongs, Trousers, Pants, Pyjamas, Shorts, Spectacles, Goggles, Binoculars, Pliers, Bellows, Shears, Gallows, Alms, Amends, Thanks, Regards, Wages (কখনো), Belongings, Savings, Surroundings, Proceeds, Remains, Outskirts, Valuables, Troops, Tidings

Rule 10: সবসময় Singular — Plural Verb নেওয়া যাবে না

News, Innings, Politics, Summons, Physics, Economics, Ethics, Mathematics, Mumps, Measles, Billiards, Athletics, Linguistics, Logistics, Phonetics, Statistics, Tactics, Acoustics, Genetics

৫. LATIN ও GREEK থেকে আসা NOUN-এর PLURAL

এই Noun-গুলো পরীক্ষায় Error Detection-এ প্রায়ই আসে। মুখস্থ রাখুন!

⛔ সাধারণ ভুল — Latin Plural

The phenomenons were strange. ❌ → The phenomena were strange. ✅

The criterias are strict. ❌ → The criteria are strict. ✅

The medias are biased. ❌ → The media are biased. ✅

She studied the datums. ❌ → She studied the data. ✅

৬. NOUN-এর গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নিয়ম — পরীক্ষায় ট্রিকি

Rule 1: Hyphenated Noun-এর Plural

Hyphenated Compound Noun-এ মূল noun-টি Plural হয়, শেষের শব্দ নয়।

Rule 2: Numeral-এর পরে Noun Singular (Definite)

Pair, score, gross, stone, hundred, dozen, thousand, million — Definite numeral-এর পরে Singular।

কিন্তু Indefinite (অনেক) হলে Plural: hundreds of, thousands of, dozens of।

Rule 3: Noun + Preposition + Same Noun → Singular

একই Noun-কে Preposition দিয়ে repeat করলে উভয় Singular হয়।

আরও উদাহরণ: Row upon row | Door to door | Step by step | Day after day | Face to face | Side by side

Rule 4: Collective Noun-এর Verb Agreement

Rule 5: 'A number of' vs 'The number of'

Rule 6: 'Wages' — বিশেষ নিয়ম

Rule 7: Common Gender Noun — He/His ব্যবহার

Teacher, Student, Child, Clerk, Advocate, Worker, Writer, Leader, Musician — এগুলো Common Gender।

General rule অনুযায়ী Singular-এ He/His ব্যবহার হয় (Traditional) — Modern English-এ they/their।

৭. GENDER (লিঙ্গ) — চার প্রকার

Masculine → Feminine পরিবর্তন

৮. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT — সংখ্যা বিষয়ক নিয়ম

Rule 1: Each, Every, Either, Neither + Singular Noun → Singular Verb

→ Each student has done his work. | Every boy and every girl was present.

Rule 2: None of / Neither of / Either of + Plural Noun → Singular Verb

→ None of them is present. | Either of the books is good.

Rule 3: Many a + Singular Noun → Singular Verb

→ Many a student has failed. (NOT: have failed)

Rule 4: More than one + Singular Noun → Singular Verb

→ More than one man was present.

Rule 5: Amount of / Quantity of + Uncountable → Singular Verb

→ The amount of work is enormous.

Rule 6: A number of + Plural → Plural | The number of + Plural → Singular

→ A number of students were late. | The number of errors is increasing.

Rule 7: Not only...but also → Verb nearest subject-এর সাথে মিলবে

→ Not only he but also his friends are coming.

Rule 8: Either...or / Neither...nor → nearest subject-এর সাথে Verb মিলবে

→ Neither the teacher nor the students were present.

Rule 9: All + Uncountable → Singular | All + Plural Noun → Plural

→ All is well. | All the students are here.

💡 Optative ও Special Subject-Verb

Optative: Singular Subject + Plural Verb → God save the king! | Long live the queen!

I wish + were (Subjunctive): I wish I were a bird. ✓ (was ❌)

As if / As though + were: He acts as if he were the boss. ✓

One should keep one's promise. ✓ (not: his promise ❌)

৯. বিশেষ ও ট্রিকি NOUN — পরীক্ষায় ফাঁদ

Words Often Confused

Noun-এর সাথে ভুল Preposition / শব্দ

১০. SOLVED EXAMPLES — সমাধানসহ (৮০+)

Part A — Noun চিহ্নিত করো ও প্রকার বলো

1. Bangladesh is a beautiful country.

→ Bangladesh = Proper Noun | country = Common Noun

2. The team has won the match.

→ team = Collective Noun | match = Common Noun

3. Honesty is the best policy.

→ Honesty = Abstract Noun | policy = Common Noun

4. Gold is a precious metal.

→ Gold = Material Noun | metal = Common Noun

5. His bravery saved the day.

→ bravery = Abstract Noun | day = Common Noun

6. A flock of birds was flying.

→ flock = Collective Noun | birds = Common Noun

7. The Padma flows through Bangladesh.

→ Padma = Proper Noun | Bangladesh = Proper Noun

8. She showed great kindness.

→ kindness = Abstract Noun

9. We need furniture for the office.

→ furniture = Material/Uncountable Noun

10. The committee meets every Monday.

→ committee = Collective Noun | Monday = Proper Noun

Part B — Plural করো

Part C — MCQ Style

Q1. 'The team ___ playing well.' — কোন Verb সঠিক?

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

✅ উত্তর: (b) is — Collective Noun = একসাথে কাজ করছে → Singular।

Q2. 'He gave me ___.' — কোনটি সঠিক?

(a) an advice (b) a good advice (c) some good advice (d) many advices

✅ উত্তর: (c) some good advice — Advice = Uncountable।

Q3. 'The criteria ___ very strict.' — সঠিক Verb?

(a) is (b) was (c) are (d) has

✅ উত্তর: (c) are — Criteria = Plural of Criterion।

Q4. 'A number of students ___ absent.' — সঠিক Verb?

(a) was (b) is (c) were (d) has been

✅ উত্তর: (c) were — A number of + Plural → Plural Verb।

Q5. 'No news ___ good news.' — সঠিক Verb?

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have been

✅ উত্তর: (b) is — News = Uncountable → Singular।

Q6. কোনটি সবসময় Plural?

(a) news (b) mathematics (c) scissors (d) physics

✅ উত্তর: (c) scissors — Scissors = সবসময় Plural।

Q7. 'The number of students ___ increasing.' — সঠিক?

(a) are (b) were (c) is (d) have been

✅ উত্তর: (c) is — The number of → Singular।

Q8. কোন Noun-টি Uncountable?

(a) river (b) advice (c) boy (d) chair

✅ উত্তর: (b) advice — Advice = Uncountable Noun।

Q9. 'He has two ___.' — কোনটি সঠিক?

(a) brother-in-laws (b) brothers-in-laws (c) brothers-in-law (d) brother-in-laws

✅ উত্তর: (c) brothers-in-law — Main noun (brother) plural হয়।

Q10. 'The media ___ responsible.' — সঠিক?

(a) is (b) was (c) are (d) has been

✅ উত্তর: (c) are — Media = Plural of Medium।

Part D — Rapid-fire Examples (11–80)

১১. PRACTICE QUESTIONS — অনুশীলন (৫০+)

Set A — MCQ (২৫টি)

Q1. কোনটি Abstract Noun?

(a) River (b) Gold (c) Kindness (d) Chair

✅ উত্তর: (c) Kindness — গুণ/অনুভূতি = Abstract।

Q2. 'The scissors ___ missing.' — সঠিক Verb?

(a) is (b) was (c) are (d) has

✅ উত্তর: (c) are — Scissors = সবসময় Plural।

Q3. 'A flock of geese ___ flying.' — সঠিক?

(a) were (b) are (c) was (d) have

✅ উত্তর: (c) was — Collective Noun = একসাথে → Singular।

Q4. 'Much ___ was wasted.' — Noun?

(a) money (b) books (c) chairs (d) boys

✅ উত্তর: (a) money — Much + Uncountable।

Q5. কোনটি সবসময় Singular Verb নেয়?

(a) scissors (b) trousers (c) mathematics (d) spectacles

✅ উত্তর: (c) mathematics — Mathematics = Singular।

Q6. 'Phenomena' কোন শব্দের Plural?

(a) Phenomen (b) Phenomene (c) Phenomenon (d) Phenomenons

✅ উত্তর: (c) Phenomenon — Greek plural।

Q7. কোন Noun-টি Plural করা যায়?

(a) advice (b) furniture (c) knowledge (d) book

✅ উত্তর: (d) book — Countable।

Q8. 'A number of people ___ present.' — Verb?

(a) is (b) was (c) were (d) has been

✅ উত্তর: (c) were — A number of → Plural।

Q9. 'He has two brothers-___.' — সঠিক?

(a) in-law (b) -in-law (c) in-laws (d) in-law's

✅ উত্তর: (a) in-law — Brothers-in-law।

Q10. 'Each boy ___ a prize.' — Verb?

(a) have won (b) has won (c) had won (d) were won

✅ উত্তর: (b) has won — Each + Singular।

Q11. Abstract Noun: 'honest' থেকে?

(a) Honests (b) Honestly (c) Honesty (d) Honest

✅ উত্তর: (c) Honesty — Adjective → Noun -ty।

Q12. 'News ___ good news.' — Verb?

(a) are (b) were (c) is (d) have been

✅ উত্তর: (c) is — News = Uncountable।

Q13. কোনটি Collective Noun?

(a) love (b) silver (c) jury (d) wisdom

✅ উত্তর: (c) jury — দলের নাম।

Q14. 'I wish I ___ a millionaire.'

(a) am (b) was (c) is (d) were

✅ উত্তর: (d) were — Subjunctive mood।

Q15. 'Many a student ___ failed.'

(a) have (b) had (c) has (d) were

✅ উত্তর: (c) has — Many a + Singular।

Q16. 'The committee ___ divided over the issue.'

(a) is (b) was (c) are (d) has

✅ উত্তর: (c) are — বিভক্ত = Plural।

Q17. কোনটি সবসময় Plural?

(a) news (b) innings (c) athletics (d) trousers

✅ উত্তর: (d) trousers — Trousers = always plural।

Q18. 'Ship after ship ___ arriving.'

(a) are (b) were (c) was (d) have been

✅ উত্তর: (c) was — Repeated noun → Singular।

Q19. 'Data' কোন শব্দের Plural?

(a) Datum (b) Datas (c) Datem (d) Data

✅ উত্তর: (a) Datum — Latin plural।

Q20. 'Neither of the boys ___ correct.'

(a) are (b) were (c) is (d) have been

✅ উত্তর: (c) is — Neither of + Plural → Singular।

Q21. কোনটি Material Noun?

(a) army (b) gold (c) bravery (d) city

✅ উত্তর: (b) gold — দ্রব্যবাচক।

Q22. 'Two ___ eggs.' — সঠিক?

(a) dozens (b) dozen (c) dozens of (d) dozens's

✅ উত্তর: (b) dozen — Definite numeral + Singular।

Q23. 'More than one ___ was present.'

(a) person (b) persons (c) people (d) peoples

✅ উত্তর: (a) person — More than one + Singular Noun।

Q24. 'Criterion' এর Plural?

(a) Criterions (b) Criteria (c) Criterias (d) Critereon

✅ উত্তর: (b) Criteria — Greek plural।

Q25. 'The amount of money ___ not enough.'

(a) are (b) were (c) is (d) have been

✅ উত্তর: (c) is — Uncountable → Singular।

Set B — Blank পূরণ করো (২৫টি)

Q26. ___ (many/much) furniture is needed for the new office.

উত্তর: Much

Q27. He gave me ___ (a/an) information about the job.

উত্তর: some (কোনো article নেই)

Q28. A ___ of musicians performed at the concert.

উত্তর: band

Q29. The ___ (criterion/criteria) for selection are very strict.

উত্তর: criteria

Q30. ___ (A number/The number) of accidents has decreased.

উত্তর: The number

Q31. Every student ___ (has/have) submitted the assignment.

উত্তর: has

Q32. Many a man ___ (has/have) tried but failed.

উত্তর: has

Q33. I wish I ___ (was/were) a doctor.

উত্তর: were

Q34. The jury ___ (has/have) given its verdict.

উত্তর: has

Q35. He bought three ___ (dozens/dozen) oranges.

উত্তর: dozen

Q36. The ___ (scissors/scissor) are very sharp.

উত্তর: scissors

Q37. No news ___ (is/are) good news.

উত্তর: is

Q38. The committee ___ (are/is) divided on the issue.

উত্তর: are

Q39. She wrote an essay on the ___ (phenomenon/phenomena).

উত্তর: phenomenon (singular)

Q40. The ___ (data/datum) clearly shows the trend.

উত্তর: data

Q41. His two ___ (brother-in-laws/brothers-in-law) live abroad.

উত্তর: brothers-in-law

Q42. A ___ of stars is called a constellation.

উত্তর: cluster/constellation

Q43. He received ___ (many/much) information.

উত্তর: much

Q44. Billiards ___ (is/are) his favourite game.

উত্তর: is

Q45. ___ (Honesty/Honesties) is the best policy.

উত্তর: Honesty

Q46. The ___ (remains/remain) of the meal were thrown away.

উত্তর: remains

Q47. There is a ___ of bees in the garden.

উত্তর: swarm

Q48. She didn't give me any ___ (advice/advices).

উত্তর: advice

Q49. The ___ (media/medium) are very influential.

উত্তর: media

Q50. Each boy and each girl ___ (has/have) received a gift.

উত্তর: has

১২. ERROR DETECTION — ভুল চিহ্নিত করুন (৪০টি)

নির্দেশনা: প্রতিটি বাক্যে Noun-সংক্রান্ত ভুল চিহ্নিত করুন এবং বাংলায় কারণ দিন।

E1. (ক) He gave me (খ) an advice about (গ) my career. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'an advice' ✓ সংশোধন: 'advice'

📖 কারণ: Advice = Uncountable — a/an বসে না।

E2. (ক) I will buy (খ) a furniture (গ) for my room. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'a furniture' ✓ সংশোধন: 'furniture'

📖 কারণ: Furniture = Uncountable।

E3. (ক) The scissor (খ) is missing from (গ) my drawer. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'The scissor' ✓ সংশোধন: 'The scissors'

📖 কারণ: Scissors = সবসময় Plural।

E4. (ক) No news are (খ) good news in (গ) this situation. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'No news are' ✓ সংশোধন: 'No news is'

📖 কারণ: News = Uncountable → Singular।

E5. (ক) The committee (খ) have decided (গ) to meet again. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: No error ✓ সংশোধন: ✅ সঠিক

📖 কারণ: বিভক্ত মত থাকলে 'have' চলে, একসাথে থাকলে 'has'।

E6. (ক) He has three (খ) brother-in-laws (গ) living abroad. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'brother-in-laws' ✓ সংশোধন: 'brothers-in-law'

📖 কারণ: Main noun plural হয়।

E7. (ক) The phenomenons (খ) of nature are (গ) very complex. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'The phenomenons' ✓ সংশোধন: 'The phenomena'

📖 কারণ: Plural of phenomenon = phenomena।

E8. (ক) Mathematics are (খ) his favourite (গ) subject. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'Mathematics are' ✓ সংশোধন: 'Mathematics is'

📖 কারণ: Mathematics = Singular Verb।

E9. (ক) A number of students (খ) was absent from (গ) school yesterday. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'was absent' ✓ সংশোধন: 'were absent'

📖 কারণ: A number of → Plural Verb।

E10. (ক) The criterias (খ) for selection are (গ) very stringent. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'The criterias' ✓ সংশোধন: 'The criteria'

📖 কারণ: Criteria নিজেই plural।

E11. (ক) I wish I was (খ) a famous (গ) singer. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'I wish I was' ✓ সংশোধন: 'I wish I were'

📖 কারণ: Subjunctive mood = were।

E12. (ক) Many a student (খ) have not completed (গ) their homework. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'have not' ✓ সংশোধন: 'has not'

📖 কারণ: Many a + Singular → Singular Verb।

E13. (ক) She has bought (খ) a new furnitures (গ) for her apartment. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'a new furnitures' ✓ সংশোধন: 'new furniture'

📖 কারণ: Furniture = Uncountable, Plural হয় না।

E14. (ক) He received many (খ) informations about (গ) the project. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'many informations' ✓ সংশোধন: 'much information'

📖 কারণ: Information = Uncountable।

E15. (ক) The number of (খ) accidents in this city (গ) are increasing. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (গ) 'are increasing' ✓ সংশোধন: 'is increasing'

📖 কারণ: The number of → Singular।

E16. (ক) Ship after ships (খ) were arriving at (গ) the harbour. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'Ship after ships' ✓ সংশোধন: 'Ship after ship'

📖 কারণ: Same noun repeated → Singular + Singular।

E17. (ক) More than one (খ) boys were present (গ) at the function. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'boys were' ✓ সংশোধন: 'boy was'

📖 কারণ: More than one + Singular Noun → Singular Verb।

E18. (ক) The datas were (খ) analysed by (গ) the scientists. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'The datas' ✓ সংশোধন: 'The data'

📖 কারণ: Data নিজেই plural।

E19. (ক) He has two (খ) sister-in-laws (গ) and one brother. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'sister-in-laws' ✓ সংশোধন: 'sisters-in-law'

📖 কারণ: Main noun (sister) plural।

E20. (ক) Each boys and (খ) each girl have (গ) attended the class. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক)(খ) 'boys...have' ✓ সংশোধন: 'boy...has'

📖 কারণ: Each + Singular Noun + Singular Verb।

E21. (ক) The police (খ) have arrested (গ) the criminal. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: No error ✓ সংশোধন: ✅ সঠিক

📖 কারণ: Police = Collective used as Plural।

E22. (ক) His advices (খ) were very (গ) helpful to me. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'His advices' ✓ সংশোধন: 'His advice'

📖 কারণ: Advice = Uncountable।

E23. (ক) There are (খ) a large amount of (গ) water in the tank. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'a large amount of' ✓ সংশোধন: 'a large quantity of' / 'a lot of'

📖 কারণ: Amount of + Uncountable → 'is' দরকার।

E24. (ক) The media is (খ) very biased in (গ) their reporting. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'The media is' ✓ সংশোধন: 'The media are'

📖 কারণ: Media = Plural।

E25. (ক) He had two (খ) dozen of eggs (গ) in the refrigerator. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'dozen of eggs' ✓ সংশোধন: 'dozen eggs'

📖 কারণ: Definite numeral-এর পরে 'of' নেই।

E26. (ক) The jury have (খ) given their (গ) verdict unanimously. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক)(খ) 'have...their' ✓ সংশোধন: 'has...its'

📖 কারণ: একসাথে কাজ → Singular; Unanimous = সবাই একমত।

E27. (ক) She showed (খ) great courageous (গ) during the crisis. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'great courageous' ✓ সংশোধন: 'great courage'

📖 কারণ: Courage = Noun; courageous = Adjective।

E28. (ক) All the furnitures (খ) were moved to (গ) the new office. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'All the furnitures' ✓ সংশোধন: 'All the furniture'

📖 কারণ: Furniture = Uncountable।

E29. (ক) Neither of the (খ) student are (গ) going there. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ)(গ) 'student are' ✓ সংশোধন: 'students is'

📖 কারণ: Neither of + Plural Noun + Singular Verb।

E30. (ক) A bevy of (খ) beautiful girls were (গ) dancing gracefully. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: No error ✓ সংশোধন: ✅ সঠিক

📖 কারণ: Collective Noun 'bevy' + Plural context চলে।

E31. (ক) His two (খ) cousin brothers (গ) live in Dhaka. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'cousin brothers' ✓ সংশোধন: 'cousins'

📖 কারণ: 'Cousin' নিজেই — 'brother' লাগে না।

E32. (ক) The goodness (খ) of his heart (গ) are well-known. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (গ) 'are' ✓ সংশোধন: 'is'

📖 কারণ: Subject = 'goodness' (Singular Abstract Noun)।

E33. (ক) Much efforts (খ) were needed to (গ) complete the project. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (ক) 'Much efforts' ✓ সংশোধন: 'Much effort'

📖 কারণ: Effort (এই অর্থে) = Uncountable → much।

E34. (ক) The teams are (খ) divided in their (গ) opinion. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: No error ✓ সংশোধন: ✅ সঠিক

📖 কারণ: Divided (বিভক্ত) = Plural Verb চলে।

E35. (ক) She purchased (খ) a dozen of (গ) roses for her mother. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'a dozen of roses' ✓ সংশোধন: 'a dozen roses'

📖 কারণ: Definite — 'of' ছাড়া।

E36. (ক) He received (খ) many advices from (গ) his elders. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'many advices' ✓ সংশোধন: 'much advice'

📖 কারণ: Advice = Uncountable।

E37. (ক) The phenomenon (খ) of globalization have (গ) changed the world. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (গ) 'have' ✓ সংশোধন: 'has'

📖 কারণ: Phenomenon = Singular → Singular Verb।

E38. (ক) All the students (খ) have submitted (গ) their homeworks. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (গ) 'their homeworks' ✓ সংশোধন: 'their homework'

📖 কারণ: Homework = Uncountable।

E39. (ক) The number of (খ) accidents on this road (গ) are very high. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (গ) 'are' ✓ সংশোধন: 'is'

📖 কারণ: The number of → Singular।

E40. (ক) I need to (খ) buy some furnitures (গ) for my house. (ঘ) No error.

✗ ভুল: (খ) 'furnitures' ✓ সংশোধন: 'furniture'

📖 কারণ: Furniture = Uncountable।

১৩. EXAM TIPS & QUICK REFERENCE

💡 Golden Rules — Noun-এর ১০টি সোনালী নিয়ম

① Uncountable Noun-এর আগে a/an বসে না, Plural হয় না।

② Scissors, Trousers, Spectacles — সবসময় Plural Verb।

③ News, Mathematics, Physics, Athletics — সবসময় Singular Verb।

④ A number of → Plural | The number of → Singular।

⑤ Many a + Singular Noun + Singular Verb।

⑥ Each, Every, Either, Neither → Singular Verb।

⑦ Collective Noun: একসাথে → Singular; বিভক্ত → Plural।

⑧ Hyphenated Noun: Main Noun Plural হয় (brothers-in-law)।

⑨ Definite Numeral + Noun: Singular (two hundred rupees)।

⑩ I wish / as if / as though → were (Subjunctive Mood)।

⛔ সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুল হওয়া Noun-এর ব্যবহার

✗ an advice / many advices → ✓ advice / much advice

✗ furnitures → ✓ furniture

✗ informations → ✓ information

✗ criterias → ✓ criteria

✗ phenomenons → ✓ phenomena

✗ The media is → ✓ The media are

✗ brother-in-laws → ✓ brothers-in-law

✗ A number of people was → ✓ A number of people were

✗ Mathematics are → ✓ Mathematics is

✗ I wish I was → ✓ I wish I were

📋 Quick Reference — Noun Summary Table

সর্বোচ্চ প্রস্তুতি, সর্বোচ্চ সাফল্য।