Subject-Verb Agreement |
Subject-Verb Agreement কী? |
📌 📌 Subject-Verb Agreement-এর সংজ্ঞা Subject-Verb Agreement বলতে বোঝায় বাক্যের Subject এবং Verb-এর মধ্যে Number ও Person-এর মিল থাকা। মূল নিয়ম: → Singular Subject + Singular Verb (He goes. / She reads. / It is.) → Plural Subject + Plural Verb (They go. / Students read. / We are.) কেন এটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ? BCS, Bank Job, NTRCA ও সব ধরনের প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষায় Subject-Verb Agreement থেকে সরাসরি প্রশ্ন আসে। এটি ইংরেজির সবচেয়ে বেশি ভুল হওয়া অংশগুলোর একটি। |
Subject | Present Tense Verb | উদাহরণ |
I (1st Person Singular) | V1 (base form) | I go, I eat, I read |
We (1st Person Plural) | V1 (base form) | We go, We eat, We read |
You (2nd Person) | V1 (base form) | You go, You eat, You read |
He/She/It (3rd Person Singular) | V1 + s/es | He goes, She eats, It runs |
They/Plural Noun (3rd Person Plural) | V1 (base form) | They go, Students eat, Birds fly |
Past Tense — সব Person | V2 | I/He/They went, She ate |
Part A: মৌলিক নিয়মাবলি — Basic Rules — ১ থেকে ১০ |
নিয়ম 1: Singular Subject → Singular Verb; Plural Subject → Plural Verb Subject-এর Number অনুযায়ী Verb বসে — এটিই সবচেয়ে মৌলিক নিয়ম। |
1. The bird sings sweetly. — Singular Subject → Singular Verb (sings)
2. The birds sing sweetly. — Plural Subject → Plural Verb (sing)
3. She reads a book every night. — 3rd Person Singular → reads (s যোগ)
4. They read books every night. — Plural → read (s নেই)
5. The child was playing in the garden. — Singular → was
6. The children were playing in the garden. — Plural → were
✗ He go to school every day. | ✓ He goes to school every day. | 3rd Person Singular → goes (s যোগ) |
✗ The boys plays cricket. | ✓ The boys play cricket. | Plural Subject → Plural Verb (no s) |
নিয়ম 2: 3rd Person Singular-এ s/es যোগের নিয়ম Present Simple Tense-এ 3rd Person Singular Subject-এর সাথে Verb-এ s বা es যোগ হয়। |
📌 📌 s/es যোগের সম্পূর্ণ নিয়ম সাধারণত s যোগ: reads, writes, plays, eats, runs, works, walks -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o শেষে → es যোগ: goes, does, teaches, watches, fixes, washes, misses, buzzes Consonant + y শেষে → y বাদ দিয়ে ies: study→studies, carry→carries, fly→flies, try→tries, cry→cries Vowel + y শেষে → শুধু s: plays, buys, says, pays, enjoys, stays বিশেষ অনিয়মিত রূপ: have→has, be→is, do→does |
7. She studies English every morning. — study → studies (consonant + y)
8. He watches television every evening. — watch → watches (-ch শেষে → es)
9. It goes without saying. — go → goes (-o শেষে → es)
10. She has a lovely cat. — have → has (irregular)
✗ She studys hard. | ✓ She studies hard. | consonant + y → ies: studies |
✗ He teachs English. | ✓ He teaches English. | -ch শেষে → es: teaches |
নিয়ম 3: 'And' দিয়ে যুক্ত দুটি Subject → Plural Verb দুটি ভিন্ন Subject 'and' দিয়ে যুক্ত হলে Plural Verb বসে। |
11. Rahim and Karim are good friends. — দুজন → are
12. She and I were present at the meeting. — দুজন → were
13. The teacher and the students were present. — দুটি আলাদা 'the' → দুজন → were
14. A pen and a pencil are on the table. — দুটি আলাদা বস্তু → are
✗ Rahim and Karim is best friends. | ✓ Rahim and Karim are best friends. | দুজন → Plural → are |
নিয়ম 4: 'And' হলেও একই ব্যক্তি/বস্তু বোঝালে → Singular Verb একটিমাত্র 'the' থাকলে বা combined concept বোঝালে Singular Verb। |
📌 📌 এই ব্যতিক্রমগুলো মুখস্থ করুন একই ব্যক্তি — একটি 'the': The writer and philosopher is dead. (একজনই) Combined concept: Bread and butter is my breakfast. Proverb/Fixed Expression: Slow and steady wins the race. Mathematical sense: Ten and ten is twenty. আরো উদাহরণ: Time and tide waits for none. Truth and honesty is his motto. The horse and carriage is waiting. Rice and curry is my favourite food. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. তুলনা করুন (পার্থক্য লক্ষ করুন): The poet and the philosopher are dead. (দুজন আলাদা — দুটি 'the') The poet and philosopher is dead. (একজনই — একটি 'the') |
15. The secretary and treasurer is absent. — একই ব্যক্তি দুই পদে — is
16. Bread and butter is his only food. — Combined → is
17. Horse and carriage was his transport. — Combined → was
✗ Slow and steady win the race. | ✓ Slow and steady wins the race. | Fixed expression → Singular → wins |
নিয়ম 5: Each, Every, Either, Neither, Anyone, Everyone, Someone, No one, Nobody → Singular Verb এই Indefinite Pronoun/Adjective-গুলো সবসময় Singular Verb নেয়। |
18. Each of the students has done well. — each → Singular → has
19. Every boy and girl is present. — every → Singular → is
20. Either of the two roads leads to the city. — either → Singular → leads
21. Neither of them is guilty. — neither → Singular → is
22. Everyone has submitted the assignment. — everyone → Singular → has
23. Nobody knows the truth. — nobody → Singular → knows
24. Someone has stolen my wallet. — someone → Singular → has
25. No one was present at the meeting. — no one → Singular → was
✗ Each of the boys have a pen. | ✓ Each of the boys has a pen. | each → Singular → has |
✗ Everyone have finished the work. | ✓ Everyone has finished the work. | everyone → Singular → has |
✗ Neither of them are responsible. | ✓ Neither of them is responsible. | neither → Singular → is |
নিয়ম 6: Both, Few, Many, Several, Others → Plural Verb এই শব্দগুলো সবসময় Plural Verb নেয়। |
26. Both of them are correct. — both → Plural → are
27. Few people know this secret. — few → Plural → know
28. Many were called but few were chosen. — many/few → Plural
29. Several students have failed the exam. — several → Plural → have
30. Others have already left. — others → Plural → have
✗ Both of them is correct. | ✓ Both of them are correct. | both → Plural → are |
নিয়ম 7: Either...or / Neither...nor / Not only...but also → কাছের Subject অনুযায়ী Verb Correlative Conjunction-এর ক্ষেত্রে Verb দ্বিতীয় (কাছের) Subject-কে অনুসরণ করে। |
31. Either he or his brothers are guilty. — কাছের Subject 'brothers' (Plural) → are
32. Neither the students nor the teacher was present. — কাছের Subject 'teacher' (Singular) → was
33. Not only she but also her sisters are coming. — কাছের Subject 'sisters' (Plural) → are
34. Either Rahim or I am responsible. — কাছের Subject 'I' → am
35. Neither he nor they were informed. — কাছের Subject 'they' (Plural) → were
36. Not only the books but also the pen is missing. — কাছের Subject 'pen' (Singular) → is
🔑 🔑 Proximity Rule — সহজে মনে রাখুন Either A or B → B-এর Number অনুযায়ী Verb Neither A nor B → B-এর Number অনুযায়ী Verb Not only A but also B → B-এর Number অনুযায়ী Verb Either he or his friends ARE responsible. (friends = Plural → are) Either his friends or he IS responsible. (he = Singular → is) মনে রাখার উপায়: Verb-এর কাছে যে Subject, সেটিই Verb নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে। |
✗ Neither he nor his friends is responsible. | ✓ Neither he nor his friends are responsible. | কাছের 'friends' Plural → are |
✗ Not only she but also her sister are here. | ✓ Not only she but also her sister is here. | কাছের 'sister' Singular → is |
নিয়ম 8: 'As well as', 'along with', 'with', 'together with', 'in addition to', 'including', 'besides', 'except', 'rather than', 'accompanied by' → মূল Subject অনুযায়ী Verb এই phrase-গুলো Verb-কে প্রভাবিত করে না — মূল Subject-ই নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে। |
37. Rahim, as well as his friends, is responsible. — মূল Subject 'Rahim' Singular → is
38. The teacher, along with the students, was present. — মূল Subject 'teacher' Singular → was
39. She, together with her parents, has gone. — মূল Subject 'She' → has
40. He, besides his brothers, was awarded. — মূল Subject 'He' Singular → was
41. The principal, accompanied by the teachers, visits the class. — মূল Subject 'principal' Singular → visits
42. Everyone except Rahim has attended. — মূল Subject 'Everyone' Singular → has
43. She, rather than her friends, is responsible. — মূল Subject 'She' Singular → is
44. Gold, as well as silver, has risen in price. — মূল Subject 'Gold' Singular → has
✗ The captain, along with the players, are ready. | ✓ The captain, along with the players, is ready. | মূল Subject 'captain' Singular → is |
✗ She, as well as her sisters, were present. | ✓ She, as well as her sisters, was present. | মূল Subject 'She' Singular → was |
নিয়ম 9: Many a / More than one + Singular Noun → Singular Verb এই দুটি expression দেখতে Plural অর্থ বোঝালেও Singular Verb নেয়। |
45. Many a man has tried and failed. — Many a + Singular → Singular Verb
46. Many a flower is born to blush unseen. — Many a + Singular → is
47. More than one student was injured. — More than one + Singular → was
48. More than one answer is correct. — More than one + Singular → is
✗ Many a men have tried. | ✓ Many a man has tried. | Many a + Singular Noun + Singular Verb |
✗ More than one students were absent. | ✓ More than one student was absent. | More than one + Singular Noun + Singular Verb |
নিয়ম 10: One of the + Plural Noun → Singular Verb; One of those who → Plural Verb (in Relative Clause) 'One' হলো মূল Subject — তাই Singular; কিন্তু Relative Clause-এ 'who/which' পূর্ববর্তী Plural Noun-কে বোঝায়। |
49. One of the students is absent today. — One (Subject) → Singular → is
50. One of my friends has called me. — One → Singular → has
51. One of the answers is correct. — One → Singular → is
52. He is one of those students who work hard. — who refers to 'those students' → Plural → work
53. She is one of those teachers who are loved by all. — who → 'those teachers' → Plural → are
✗ One of the boys are guilty. | ✓ One of the boys is guilty. | 'One' = Subject → Singular → is |
✗ He is one of those students who works hard. | ✓ He is one of those students who work hard. | who → 'those students' (Plural) → work |
Part B: বিশেষ Noun-এর নিয়মাবলি — Collective, Uncountable, ics endings — নিয়ম ১১ থেকে ২০ |
নিয়ম 11: Collective Noun: একক সিদ্ধান্ত → Singular; সদস্যদের আলাদা কাজ → Plural Collective Noun-এর Verb Context-নির্ভর। |
54. The committee has reached a unanimous decision. — একক সিদ্ধান্ত → has (Singular)
55. The committee are divided in their opinions. — সদস্যদের আলাদা মত → are (Plural)
56. The jury has given its verdict. — একক রায় → has
57. The jury are arguing among themselves. — আলাদা আলাদা বিতর্ক → are
58. The team is playing well today. — একক দল → is
59. The team are wearing their individual kits. — প্রত্যেক সদস্য → are
60. The audience was moved by her speech. — একক সত্তা → was
61. The audience were waving their hands. — প্রতিটি দর্শক আলাদাভাবে → were
নিয়ম 12: Police, Cattle, People, Gentry, Public, Clergy, Nobility, Poultry → সবসময় Plural এই Collective Noun-গুলো সবসময় Plural Verb নেয়। |
📌 📌 সবসময় Plural Verb নেওয়া Collective Nouns police, cattle, people, gentry, public, peasantry, clergy, nobility, vermin, poultry, militia, laity ✓ The police are investigating the case. ✓ Cattle are grazing in the field. ✓ People are unhappy with the decision. ✓ The clergy were respected by the community. ✓ Poultry are kept in a separate shed. |
62. The police have arrested the thief. — police → Plural → have
63. Cattle are grazing in the open field. — cattle → Plural → are
64. People are the source of all power. — people → Plural → are
✗ The police is here. | ✓ The police are here. | police → সবসময় Plural |
✗ Cattle is grazing. | ✓ Cattle are grazing. | cattle → সবসময় Plural |
নিয়ম 13: Mathematics, Physics, News, ইত্যাদি Singular-treated Nouns → Singular Verb এগুলো দেখতে Plural কিন্তু Singular Verb নেয়। |
📌 📌 সবসময় Singular Verb নেওয়া Nouns Subject names (-ics ending): mathematics, physics, economics, statistics, politics, ethics, civics, linguistics, gymnastics, athletics, phonetics, mechanics, electronics, acoustics Diseases: measles, mumps, rickets, rabies, diabetes, shingles News: news (সংবাদ) Countries (plural-seeming): the United States, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the West Indies, the United Arab Emirates Games (when named as a game): billiards, darts, draughts, dominoes Other: innings, gallows, headquarters (singular context) ✓ Mathematics is a difficult subject. ✓ The news is very shocking. ✓ Measles is a contagious disease. ✓ The United States is a powerful country. ✓ Billiards is an indoor game. ✓ Athletics is his favourite sport. |
✗ Physics are a difficult subject. | ✓ Physics is a difficult subject. | Physics (subject name) → Singular → is |
✗ The news are bad today. | ✓ The news is bad today. | news → সবসময় Singular → is |
✗ Measles are a dangerous disease. | ✓ Measles is a dangerous disease. | disease name → Singular → is |
নিয়ম 14: Trousers, Scissors, Glasses, ইত্যাদি Pair Items → সবসময় Plural জোড়া বস্তুর নাম সবসময় Plural Verb নেয়। |
📌 📌 সবসময় Plural Verb নেওয়া Nouns (Pair Items + Others) জোড়া বস্তু: trousers, pants, shorts, jeans, pyjamas, scissors, glasses/spectacles, binoculars, scales, pliers, tongs, tweezers, shears, clippers অন্যান্য: belongings, clothes, surroundings, savings, premises, riches, thanks, alms, ashes, customs (duty), wages, proceeds, earnings, contents, particulars, valuables, remains, outskirts, environs, credentials ✓ My trousers are too tight. ✓ The scissors are on the desk. ✓ His belongings are in the bag. ✓ The proceeds from the sale are donated. ✓ Her savings are in the bank. ✓ The wages are paid on Friday. |
✗ My trousers is too long. | ✓ My trousers are too long. | trousers → সবসময় Plural → are |
✗ The scissors was on the table. | ✓ The scissors were on the table. | scissors → Plural → were |
নিয়ম 15: 'A pair of' + Pair Noun → Singular Verb 'A pair of' বললে Singular Verb বসে কারণ 'a pair' = একটি জোড়া। |
65. A pair of trousers is hanging there. — A pair of → Singular → is
66. A pair of scissors was used to cut the paper. — A pair of → Singular → was
67. A pair of glasses is on the table. — A pair of → Singular → is
✗ A pair of shoes were kept at the door. | ✓ A pair of shoes was kept at the door. | A pair of → Singular → was |
নিয়ম 16: 'The number of' → Singular; 'A number of' → Plural এই দুটির পার্থক্য পরীক্ষায় ঘুরেফিরে আসে। |
68. The number of students is increasing every year. — The number of → Singular → is
69. A number of students are absent today. — A number of (= many) → Plural → are
70. The number of accidents has gone down. — The number of → Singular → has
71. A number of people have protested. — A number of → Plural → have
🔑 🔑 মনে রাখার উপায় THE number of = সংখ্যাটি নিজে → Singular (একটি নির্দিষ্ট সংখ্যা) A number of = অনেক (= many) → Plural (সেই অনেকগুলো) The number of cars on the road IS increasing. (সংখ্যাটি বাড়ছে) A number of cars ARE parked outside. (অনেক গাড়ি আছে) |
✗ A number of students is present. | ✓ A number of students are present. | A number of = many → Plural → are |
✗ The number of accidents are falling. | ✓ The number of accidents is falling. | The number of → Singular → is |
নিয়ম 17: 'A lot of', 'Lots of', 'Plenty of', 'A good deal of', 'A great deal of', 'The majority of' — Noun-এর Number অনুযায়ী এই phrase-গুলোর পরে Noun Countable Plural হলে Plural, Uncountable হলে Singular। |
72. A lot of students were present. — students Countable → were
73. A lot of water was wasted. — water Uncountable → was
74. Plenty of food was available. — food Uncountable → was
75. Plenty of books are on the shelf. — books Countable → are
76. A great deal of money has been spent. — money Uncountable → has
77. A large number of people were injured. — people Countable → were
78. A large amount of damage was done. — damage Uncountable → was
79. The majority of students have passed. — students Countable → have
80. The majority of the work is done. — work Uncountable → is
নিয়ম 18: None, Some, All, Half, Most — Context অনুযায়ী Verb এই Pronoun-গুলো পরের Noun-এর Number অনুযায়ী Verb নেয়। |
Quantifier | + Uncountable Noun | + Countable Plural Noun |
None | None of the water is clean. (Singular) | None of the students was/were present. (উভয়) |
Some | Some of the food is wasted. (Singular) | Some of the students are absent. (Plural) |
All | All the water is gone. (Singular) | All the students are present. (Plural) |
Half | Half of the cake is eaten. (Singular) | Half of the students are here. (Plural) |
Most | Most of the work is done. (Singular) | Most of the students have passed. (Plural) |
A lot of | A lot of time was wasted. (Singular) | A lot of people were there. (Plural) |
✗ All the water are gone. | ✓ All the water is gone. | water Uncountable → Singular → is |
✗ Some of the students is absent. | ✓ Some of the students are absent. | students Countable → Plural → are |
নিয়ম 19: Distance, Time, Money, Measurement যখন একক হিসেবে → Singular Verb পরিমাণকে একটি unit হিসেবে দেখলে Singular Verb বসে। |
81. Ten kilometres is a long way to walk. — দূরত্ব = একক পরিমাণ → is
82. Five thousand taka is not enough for this. — অর্থ = একক পরিমাণ → is
83. Three years is a long time. — সময় = একক পরিমাণ → is
84. Twenty kilograms is too heavy to carry. — ওজন = একক পরিমাণ → is
85. Two hours is enough for this task. — সময়কাল → is
✗ Ten kilometres are a long distance. | ✓ Ten kilometres is a long distance. | পরিমাণ (একক) → Singular → is |
✗ Five thousand taka are too much. | ✓ Five thousand taka is too much. | অর্থ পরিমাণ → Singular → is |
নিয়ম 20: বইয়ের বা চলচ্চিত্রের শিরোনাম → Singular Verb Title মূলত একটি Unit — তাই সবসময় Singular। |
86. Gulliver's Travels is a famous novel. — Singular → is
87. The Three Musketeers was written by Alexandre Dumas. — শিরোনাম → was
88. 'The Canterbury Tales' is a classic work. — শিরোনাম → is
89. 'Arabian Nights' is a collection of stories. — শিরোনাম → is
Part C: ট্রিকি ও অসাধারণ নিয়মাবলি — নিয়ম ২১ থেকে ৩৫ |
নিয়ম 21: Subject ও Verb-এর মাঝে দীর্ঘ Phrase থাকলে → মূল Subject অনুযায়ী Verb মাঝে যা-ই থাকুক, মূল Subject-ই Verb নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে। |
90. The list of items was on the desk. — মূল Subject 'list' Singular → was
91. The quality of these mangoes is excellent. — মূল Subject 'quality' Singular → is
92. A box of chocolates was given to her. — মূল Subject 'box' Singular → was
93. The behaviour of students affects teachers. — মূল Subject 'behaviour' Singular → affects
94. The problems of the city are complex. — মূল Subject 'problems' Plural → are
95. One of the best solutions is negotiation. — মূল Subject 'One' Singular → is
✗ The list of items were on the desk. | ✓ The list of items was on the desk. | মূল Subject 'list' Singular → was |
✗ A bouquet of flowers were presented to her. | ✓ A bouquet of flowers was presented to her. | মূল Subject 'bouquet' Singular → was |
নিয়ম 22: 'There is/are' — পরবর্তী Subject অনুযায়ী Verb 'There' নিজে Subject নয়; পরের Noun-ই Subject। |
96. There is a book on the table. — book Singular → is
97. There are many books on the table. — books Plural → are
98. There is a cat and a dog in the garden. — কাছের Subject 'cat' Singular → is (formal: are দেওয়া যায়)
99. There were hundreds of people waiting. — people Plural → were
100. There has been a change in the schedule. — change Singular → has been
✗ There are a book on the table. | ✓ There is a book on the table. | book Singular → is |
নিয়ম 23: 'Every' ও 'Each' দিয়ে Compound Subject → Singular Verb Every A and every B, Each A and each B → Singular। |
101. Every man and woman is responsible. — every + and + every → Singular → is
102. Each boy and girl has a book. — each + and → Singular → has
103. Every house and shop was damaged. — every → Singular → was
104. Each question and answer is important. — each → Singular → is
✗ Every man and woman are responsible. | ✓ Every man and woman is responsible. | every → Singular → is |
নিয়ম 24: Relative Pronoun-এর পরে Verb → Antecedent অনুযায়ী who/which/that-এর পরের Verb তার Antecedent (পূর্ববর্তী Noun)-এর Number অনুসরণ করে। |
105. I, who am your friend, will help you. — who → I → am
106. You, who are my brother, must help. — who → You → are
107. He is the man who works hardest. — who → man (Singular) → works
108. They are the men who work hardest. — who → men (Plural) → work
109. It is I who am responsible. — who → I → am
110. It is she who is at fault. — who → she → is
✗ I, who is your friend, will help you. | ✓ I, who am your friend, will help you. | who → I → am (1st Person Singular) |
নিয়ম 25: Infinitive Phrase বা Gerund Phrase = Subject → Singular Verb V+ing বা to+V1 যখন Subject হিসেবে বসে, Singular Verb নেয়। |
111. To err is human. — Infinitive Subject → Singular → is
112. Swimming is good for health. — Gerund Subject → Singular → is
113. Reading books improves knowledge. — Gerund Subject → Singular → improves
114. To help others is noble. — Infinitive Subject → Singular → is
115. Walking every day keeps you fit. — Gerund Subject → Singular → keeps
নিয়ম 26: 'The' + Adjective = Plural People → Plural Verb 'The + Adjective' যখন একদল মানুষ বোঝায়, Plural Verb নেয়। |
116. The rich are not always happy. — The rich = rich people → Plural → are
117. The poor need our help. — The poor = poor people → Plural → need
118. The wounded were taken to hospital. — The wounded = wounded people → Plural → were
119. The elderly deserve our respect. — The elderly = elderly people → Plural → deserve
120. The unemployed are struggling. — The unemployed = unemployed people → Plural → are
✗ The poor needs our help. | ✓ The poor need our help. | The poor = poor people → Plural → need |
নিয়ম 27: Noun Clause যদি Subject হয় → Singular Verb Noun Clause সবসময় Singular Subject হিসেবে গণ্য। |
121. What she said is true. — Noun Clause Subject → Singular → is
122. What you need is support. — Noun Clause Subject → Singular → is
123. That he lied is unforgivable. — Noun Clause Subject → Singular → is
124. How she did it remains a mystery. — Noun Clause Subject → Singular → remains
125. Whether he comes or not does not matter. — Noun Clause Subject → Singular → does not
নিয়ম 28: Mathematical Expression, Formula → Singular Verb গণিতের হিসাবে Singular Verb। |
126. Two plus two is four. — Mathematical expression → is
127. Five times five equals twenty-five. — Mathematical formula → equals
128. Three minus one is two. — Mathematical → is
129. Ten divided by two is five. — Mathematical → is
নিয়ম 29: Fractions + Noun → Noun-এর Number অনুযায়ী Verb Fraction (ভগ্নাংশ) Uncountable-এর সাথে → Singular; Countable Plural-এর সাথে → Plural। |
130. Two-thirds of the work is done. — work Uncountable → Singular → is
131. Two-thirds of the students have passed. — students Countable → Plural → have
132. Half of the money is spent. — money Uncountable → Singular → is
133. Half of the oranges are rotten. — oranges Countable → Plural → are
134. One-third of the population is literate. — population Uncountable-treated → Singular → is
নিয়ম 30: Plural-looking Proper Noun (Country, Organization) → Singular Verb শুধু নামে Plural, কিন্তু Single entity বোঝায় → Singular। |
135. The United States is a powerful country. — একটি দেশ → Singular → is
136. The Netherlands is famous for tulips. — একটি দেশ → Singular → is
137. The United Nations was founded in 1945. — একটি সংস্থা → Singular → was
138. The Philippines is an archipelago. — একটি দেশ → Singular → is
139. The BBC has reported the news. — একটি সংস্থা → Singular → has
নিয়ম 31: 'Would rather', 'Had better', 'As well as', 'No less than', 'Not less than' → মূল Clause-এর নিয়মে এগুলো Subject-Verb Agreement-কে পরিবর্তন করে না। |
140. He had better consult a doctor. — had better + V1; he = Subject → Singular → consult
141. She would rather stay at home. — would rather + V1; she = Subject → Singular → stay
142. No less than fifty people were present. — No less than → people → Plural → were
143. Not less than a hundred students have come. — students Plural → have
নিয়ম 32: 'Not + Subject A but + Subject B' → Subject B অনুযায়ী Verb 'Not A but B' structure-এ B-ই মূল Subject। |
144. Not he but his friends are responsible. — friends (B) = Subject → Plural → are
145. Not the students but the teacher was late. — teacher (B) = Subject → Singular → was
146. Not I but she is to blame. — she (B) → Singular → is
নিয়ম 33: Plural Noun + Singular Concept → Singular Verb যদি Plural দেখতে কিন্তু একটি Singular concept বোঝায়। |
147. Riches do not guarantee happiness. — riches = টাকাপয়সা (Plural concept) → do
148. Arms are the last resort. — arms = অস্ত্র (Plural) → are
149. Manners make a man. — manners = আচার-ব্যবহার → make (idiom)
150. His means are limited. — means = সম্পদ/উপায় (Plural) → are
151. The series is very interesting. — series Singular/Plural same form → Singular context → is
152. The species is endangered. — species same form → context Singular → is
নিয়ম 34: 'A kind of', 'A type of', 'A sort of', 'A species of' + Noun → Singular Verb এই phrase-গুলো Singular Verb নেয়। |
153. A kind of tree grows here. — A kind of → Singular → grows
154. A type of flower blooms in winter. — A type of → Singular → blooms
155. A species of bird lives in the Amazon. — A species of → Singular → lives
নিয়ম 35: Interrogative Sentence-এ Subject-Verb Agreement প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে Auxiliary Verb Subject-এর আগে আসে, কিন্তু Agreement Subject অনুযায়ী। |
156. Does she go to school? — she → does (Singular Auxiliary)
157. Do they go to school? — they → do (Plural Auxiliary)
158. Was he at the party? — he → was (Singular)
159. Were they at the party? — they → were (Plural)
160. Has the team decided? — team Singular → has
Part D: বিশেষ Mood ও কাঠামোর নিয়মাবলি — Subjunctive, Conditional, Reporting — নিয়ম ৩৬ থেকে ৪০ |
নিয়ম 36: Subjunctive Mood: wish, as if, as though, if (Type 2) → 'were' (সব Person-এ) Subjunctive Mood-এ 'be'-এর Past form সব Person-এ 'were' হয়। |
161. I wish I were a bird. — wish + were — Singular 'I'-এর সাথেও were
162. If she were here, she would help us. — Type 2 Conditional → were
163. He acts as if he were a king. — as if → were (Subjunctive)
164. She wishes she were taller. — wish → were
165. If I were you, I would not do this. — 'I'-এর সাথেও 'were' — Subjunctive
✗ I wish I was a bird. | ✓ I wish I were a bird. | Subjunctive → were (সব Person-এ) |
✗ As if she was a queen. | ✓ As if she were a queen. | as if → were (Subjunctive) |
নিয়ম 37: Suggest, Insist, Demand, Recommend + that + Subject + (should) + V1 → Singular বা Plural নির্বিশেষে V1 Subjunctive after Reporting/Bossy Verbs — সব Person-এ V1। |
166. I suggest that he go immediately. — Subjunctive → go (not goes)
167. She insisted that I be present. — Subjunctive → be (not am)
168. The doctor recommended that she take rest. — Subjunctive → take (not takes)
169. It is essential that he attend the meeting. — It is + Adjective + that → Subjunctive → attend
170. It is necessary that they be informed. — Subjunctive → be
✗ I suggest that he goes immediately. | ✓ I suggest that he go immediately. | Subjunctive after suggest → V1 (go, not goes) |
✗ It is necessary that she is present. | ✓ It is necessary that she be present. | Subjunctive after It is necessary → be |
নিয়ম 38: Universal Truth-এ সর্বদা Simple Present → Singular/Plural অনুযায়ী Universal Truth বা Scientific Fact সবসময় Simple Present-এ থাকে। |
171. The earth revolves around the sun. — Universal Truth → Simple Present → revolves
172. Water freezes at 0°C. — Scientific Fact → freezes
173. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. — Universal Truth → Present even in Reported Speech
নিয়ম 39: Habitual Past: 'used to' + V1 → Number অনুযায়ী Used to সব Subject-এর সাথে same form। |
174. She used to walk to school. — used to → same for all Person
175. They used to play cricket here. — used to → same for all
নিয়ম 40: Passive Voice-এ be Verb Subject-এর Number অনুযায়ী Passive-এ be verb Subject-কে অনুসরণ করে। |
176. The letter is written by her. — letter Singular → is
177. The letters are written by her. — letters Plural → are
178. The work has been completed. — work Singular → has been
179. The books have been read. — books Plural → have been
Quick Reference — সব নিয়ম এক নজরে — Complete Summary Table |
Subject/Structure | Verb | উদাহরণ | মনে রাখুন |
Singular Subject (3rd P.) | V+s/es | She reads / He goes | reads, writes, goes, does |
Plural Subject | V (base) | They go / Birds fly | go, read, fly, are |
A and B (different) | Plural Verb | Rahim and Karim are... | দুজন → are/were |
A and B (same person) | Singular Verb | The poet and philosopher is... | একজন → is/was |
Each / Every / Either / Neither | Singular Verb | Each has / Every is... | সবসময় Singular |
Everyone / Someone / Nobody | Singular Verb | Everyone has done... | সবসময় Singular |
Both / Few / Many / Several | Plural Verb | Both are / Few know... | সবসময় Plural |
Either A or B / Neither A nor B | B অনুযায়ী | Neither he nor they WERE | Proximity Rule |
Not only A but also B | B অনুযায়ী | Not only she but also her sisters ARE | Proximity Rule |
A as well as B / A with B | A (মূল Subject) অনুযায়ী | She, as well as friends, WAS | মূল Subject controls |
Many a + Singular Noun | Singular Verb | Many a man HAS tried | Many a → always Singular |
More than one + Singular | Singular Verb | More than one student WAS | always Singular |
One of the + Plural Noun | Singular Verb | One of them IS | One = Subject |
One of those who | Plural Verb (in clause) | one of those who WORK | who → those → Plural |
Police / Cattle / People | Plural Verb (always) | Police ARE / Cattle ARE | Special Plural |
Mathematics / News / Measles | Singular Verb (always) | News IS / Math IS | Special Singular |
Trousers / Scissors / Glasses | Plural Verb (always) | Trousers ARE / Scissors WERE | Pair Items → Plural |
A pair of + Noun | Singular Verb | A pair of shoes WAS | A pair = one set |
The number of + Noun | Singular Verb | The number IS rising | 'The number' = subject |
A number of + Noun | Plural Verb | A number ARE here | A number = many |
Distance / Time / Money (unit) | Singular Verb | Ten km IS far / 5 tk IS less | Quantity as unit → Singular |
Noun Clause as Subject | Singular Verb | What she said IS true | Clause = Singular entity |
Gerund/Infinitive as Subject | Singular Verb | Swimming IS healthy / To err IS | V+ing/to V = Singular |
The + Adjective (people) | Plural Verb | The poor NEED help | The poor = people |
Title of Book/Film | Singular Verb | Gulliver's Travels IS... | Title = one unit |
Country/Organization (Plural name) | Singular Verb | USA IS / UN WAS | Single entity |
Collective Noun (one body) | Singular Verb | Committee HAS decided | One decision |
Collective Noun (members separately) | Plural Verb | Committee ARE divided | Members separately |
Fractions + Uncountable | Singular Verb | Half the water IS | Uncountable → Singular |
Fractions + Countable Plural | Plural Verb | Half the books ARE | Countable Plural → Plural |
wish / as if / Type 2 if | were (all Persons) | I wish I WERE / If I WERE | Subjunctive were |
suggest/insist/demand + that | (should) + V1 | suggest that he GO | Subjunctive V1 |
Universal Truth (Reported) | Simple Present | said that earth MOVES | Truth = always Present |
Passive Voice | be + V3 (agree with Subject) | letter IS written / books ARE | Subject controls be |
Mathematical Expression | Singular Verb | 2+2 IS 4 | Math formula → Singular |
MCQ Practice Set |
নিচের ৩৫টি প্রশ্ন বিভিন্ন প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার আদলে তৈরি।
1. "Each of the students _____ submitted the assignment." (A) have (B) has (C) are (D) were ✔ Answer: (B) has each → Singular → has |
2. "Neither he nor his friends _____ responsible." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) were ✔ Answer: (C) are Proximity Rule: কাছের Subject 'friends' Plural → are |
3. "The committee _____ reached a unanimous decision." (A) have (B) are (C) has (D) were ✔ Answer: (C) has একক সিদ্ধান্ত → Collective Noun Singular → has |
4. "The committee _____ divided in their opinions." (A) is (B) has (C) was (D) are ✔ Answer: (D) are সদস্যদের আলাদা মত → Collective Noun Plural → are |
5. "The news _____ very shocking today." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is news → সবসময় Singular → is |
6. "Mathematics _____ my favourite subject." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is Mathematics (subject name) → Singular → is |
7. "My trousers _____ too tight." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) are trousers → সবসময় Plural → are |
8. "A pair of shoes _____ on the doorstep." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is A pair of → Singular → is |
9. "The number of accidents _____ increasing." (A) are (B) have been (C) is (D) were ✔ Answer: (C) is The number of → Singular → is |
10. "A number of students _____ absent." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) are A number of (= many) → Plural → are |
11. "Many a man _____ tried and failed." (A) have (B) are (C) has (D) were ✔ Answer: (C) has Many a + Singular → Singular → has |
12. "More than one student _____ injured." (A) were (B) are (C) was (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) was More than one + Singular → Singular → was |
13. "One of the boys _____ guilty." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is One (Subject) → Singular → is |
14. "He is one of those students who _____ always late." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) are who → 'those students' Plural → are |
15. "The police _____ investigating the case." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) are police → সবসময় Plural → are |
16. "Cattle _____ grazing in the field." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) are cattle → সবসময় Plural → are |
17. "Ten kilometres _____ a long way to walk." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is দূরত্ব (একক) → Singular → is |
18. "I wish I _____ a bird." (A) am (B) was (C) were (D) be ✔ Answer: (C) were Subjunctive → were (সব Person-এ) |
19. "What she said _____ not true." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is Noun Clause Subject → Singular → is |
20. "Swimming _____ good for health." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is Gerund Subject → Singular → is |
21. "The poor _____ need our help." (A) does (B) has (C) do (D) is ✔ Answer: (C) do The poor = poor people → Plural → do/need |
22. "The United States _____ a powerful country." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is Single entity (দেশ) → Singular → is |
23. "Not only she but also her sisters _____ coming." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) were ✔ Answer: (C) are Proximity: 'sisters' Plural → are |
24. "She, as well as her friends, _____ present." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is মূল Subject 'She' Singular → is |
25. "Either he or his brothers _____ guilty." (A) is (B) was (C) are (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) are Proximity: 'brothers' Plural → are |
26. "Gulliver's Travels _____ a famous novel." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is শিরোনাম → Singular → is |
27. "Two-thirds of the students _____ passed." (A) is (B) was (C) has (D) have ✔ Answer: (D) have students Countable Plural → Plural → have |
28. "Half of the cake _____ eaten." (A) are (B) were (C) have been (D) is ✔ Answer: (D) is cake Uncountable (context) → Singular → is |
29. "I suggest that he _____ there at once." (A) goes (B) went (C) go (D) is going ✔ Answer: (C) go Subjunctive after suggest → V1 (go) |
30. "The teacher told us that the earth _____ around the sun." (A) moved (B) moves (C) was moving (D) had moved ✔ Answer: (B) moves Universal Truth → Simple Present → moves |
31. "Every boy and girl _____ present." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is every → Singular → is |
32. "Bread and butter _____ my favourite." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is Combined concept → Singular → is |
33. "A lot of water _____ wasted." (A) are (B) were (C) was (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) was water Uncountable → Singular → was |
34. "A lot of people _____ injured in the accident." (A) is (B) was (C) were (D) has been ✔ Answer: (C) were people Countable → Plural → were |
35. "Two plus two _____ four." (A) are (B) were (C) is (D) have been ✔ Answer: (C) is Mathematical expression → Singular → is |
Practice Questions — শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক Verb বসান |
নিচের প্রতিটি শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক Verb form বসান:
1. The list of items _____ (is/are) on the table.
2. Either he or his friends _____ (is/are) responsible.
3. Neither Rahim nor Karim _____ (is/are) at home.
4. Not only the teachers but also the principal _____ (was/were) present.
5. She, as well as her parents, _____ (has/have) arrived.
6. The poor _____ (need/needs) our help.
7. Physics _____ (is/are) my favourite subject.
8. The news _____ (is/are) very encouraging.
9. My trousers _____ (is/are) too loose.
10. A pair of scissors _____ (was/were) found on the floor.
11. The committee _____ (has/have) announced its decision.
12. The committee _____ (is/are) still arguing.
13. The police _____ (has/have) caught the thief.
14. Cattle _____ (is/are) grazing in the field.
15. People _____ (is/are) demanding justice.
16. Each of the players _____ (has/have) performed well.
17. Everyone _____ (has/have) finished the assignment.
18. Both of them _____ (is/are) correct.
19. Many a student _____ (has/have) failed this exam.
20. More than one answer _____ (is/are) correct.
21. One of the boys _____ (is/are) absent.
22. He is one of those students who _____ (works/work) hard.
23. The number of accidents _____ (is/are) decreasing.
24. A number of complaints _____ (has/have) been received.
25. Ten kilometres _____ (is/are) not a short distance.
26. What she said _____ (was/were) not true.
27. Swimming every day _____ (keep/keeps) you healthy.
28. The United States _____ (is/are) a developed country.
29. Two-thirds of the work _____ (is/are) completed.
30. Two-thirds of the students _____ (has/have) passed.
31. I wish I _____ (was/were) a millionaire.
32. I suggest that he _____ (goes/go) immediately.
33. It is necessary that she _____ (is/be) present.
34. The teacher said that the earth _____ (moved/moves) around the sun.
35. A lot of money _____ (was/were) spent on the project.
Error Detection — ভুল শনাক্ত করুন ও সংশোধন করুন |
নিচের প্রতিটি বাক্যে Subject-Verb Agreement-এর ভুল আছে।
1. He go to school every day. ভুল: go → সংশোধন: goes ব্যাখ্যা: 3rd Person Singular → goes (s যোগ) |
2. Each of the students have a book. ভুল: have → সংশোধন: has ব্যাখ্যা: each → Singular → has |
3. The police is investigating the case. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: police → সবসময় Plural → are |
4. Mathematics are a difficult subject. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: Mathematics (subject name) → Singular → is |
5. My trousers is very expensive. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: trousers → সবসময় Plural → are |
6. The news are shocking. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: news → সবসময় Singular → is |
7. Neither of them are right. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: neither → Singular → is |
8. Both of them is correct. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: both → Plural → are |
9. A number of students is present. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: A number of (= many) → Plural → are |
10. The number of accidents are rising. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: The number of → Singular → is |
11. Many a men have tried. ভুল: men have → সংশোধন: man has ব্যাখ্যা: Many a + Singular Noun + Singular Verb → man has |
12. More than one students were absent. ভুল: students were → সংশোধন: student was ব্যাখ্যা: More than one + Singular → was |
13. One of the boys are guilty. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: One (Subject) → Singular → is |
14. He is one of those who works hard. ভুল: works → সংশোধন: work ব্যাখ্যা: who → 'those' Plural → work |
15. Cattle is grazing in the field. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: cattle → সবসময় Plural → are |
16. She, as well as her friends, were present. ভুল: were → সংশোধন: was ব্যাখ্যা: মূল Subject 'She' Singular → was |
17. The captain, along with the players, are ready. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: মূল Subject 'captain' Singular → is |
18. Either he or his friends is responsible. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: Proximity: 'friends' Plural → are |
19. Not only she but also her sisters is here. ভুল: is → সংশোধন: are ব্যাখ্যা: Proximity: 'sisters' Plural → are |
20. Ten kilometres are a long walk. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: দূরত্ব (একক পরিমাণ) → Singular → is |
21. What she said are not true. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: Noun Clause Subject → Singular → is |
22. Swimming are good for health. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: Gerund Subject → Singular → is |
23. The poor needs our help. ভুল: needs → সংশোধন: need ব্যাখ্যা: The poor = people → Plural → need |
24. The United States are a powerful country. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: Single entity → Singular → is |
25. I wish I was a bird. ভুল: was → সংশোধন: were ব্যাখ্যা: Subjunctive → were (সব Person-এ) |
26. I suggest that he goes immediately. ভুল: goes → সংশোধন: go ব্যাখ্যা: Subjunctive after suggest → V1 → go |
27. The teacher said that the earth moved around the sun. (Universal Truth) ভুল: moved → সংশোধন: moves ব্যাখ্যা: Universal Truth → Present → moves |
28. Every boy and girl are present. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: every → Singular → is |
29. Bread and butter are my breakfast. ভুল: are → সংশোধন: is ব্যাখ্যা: Combined concept → Singular → is |
30. A lot of money were wasted. ভুল: were → সংশোধন: was ব্যাখ্যা: money Uncountable → Singular → was |
🎯 🎯 পরীক্ষার আগে শেষ মুহূর্তের চেকলিস্ট — ৩০টি Golden Rules ১. Singular Subject → V+s/es; Plural Subject → V (base form) ২. A and B (different persons/things) → Plural Verb ৩. A and B (same person) with one 'the' → Singular Verb (The poet and philosopher IS...) ৪. each / every / either / neither / everyone / nobody → Singular Verb ৫. both / few / many / several / others → Plural Verb ৬. Either A or B / Neither A nor B / Not only A but also B → B (কাছের) অনুযায়ী Verb ৭. A as well as B / A with B / A along with B → A (মূল Subject) অনুযায়ী Verb ৮. Many a + Singular Noun → Singular Verb (Many a man HAS tried) ৯. More than one + Singular Noun → Singular Verb ১০. One of the + Plural Noun → Singular Verb ১১. One of those who → Plural Verb (who = those → Plural) ১২. police / cattle / people / gentry → সবসময় Plural Verb ১৩. mathematics / physics / news / measles → সবসময় Singular Verb ১৪. trousers / scissors / glasses → সবসময় Plural Verb ১৫. A pair of + Noun → Singular Verb ১৬. The number of → Singular; A number of → Plural ১৭. A lot of + Uncountable → Singular; A lot of + Countable Plural → Plural ১৮. Distance/Time/Money (unit হিসেবে) → Singular Verb ১৯. Noun Clause as Subject → Singular Verb ২০. Gerund/Infinitive as Subject → Singular Verb ২১. The + Adjective (people) → Plural Verb (The poor NEED...) ২২. Collective Noun (one decision) → Singular; (members separately) → Plural ২৩. Title of book/film → Singular Verb ২৪. Country/Organization with Plural name → Singular Verb (USA IS...) ২৫. Fractions + Uncountable → Singular; Fractions + Countable Plural → Plural ২৬. Subject ও Verb-এর মাঝে phrase → মূল Subject দেখুন ২৭. wish / as if / Type 2 if → 'were' (সব Person-এ — Subjunctive) ২৮. suggest / insist / demand + that → (should) + V1 (Subjunctive) ২৯. Universal Truth → সবসময় Simple Present (Reported Speech-এও) ৩০. Passive Voice-এ be Verb Subject-এর Number অনুযায়ী |